Araştırma Makalesi

A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios

Sayı: 2 31 Temmuz 2026
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A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios

Öz

In this study, a multi-stage search-based tuning approach is presented for determining PI controller parameters for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor speed control. The performance of PI-based speed control directly depends on the appropriate selection of proportional and integral gains, especially under disturbance conditions. In this context, the PI controller gains were optimized using Grid Search, Random Search, and Local Search methods. A combined cost function including metrics such as IAE, ITAE, control signal magnitude, overshoot, final error, rise time, and settling time was used to evaluate the candidate gain pairs. In the first stage, the low-cost region in the K_p–K_i parameter space was identified using Grid Search, and then candidate solutions were investigated within the determined range using the Random Search method. In the final stage, nominal performance was fine-tuned using the Local Search method around the best candidate solution obtained from Random Search. The obtained Grid-PI, Random-PI, and Local-PI controllers were tested under nominal operating conditions, measurement noise, measurement noise with actuator saturation, and measurement noise with control delay scenarios. Simulation results showed that the lowest total cost under nominal conditions was obtained with the Local-PI controller. In contrast, under the tested disturbance scenarios, Random-PI produced slightly lower cost values and exhibited more balanced performance across the considered cases. These results indicate that PI gains optimized under nominal conditions may not always produce the lowest cost under disturbance conditions. The proposed approach provides an applicable framework for the systematic and comparative determination of PI parameters in BLDC motor speed control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. [1] Lee, B. K., & Ehsani, M. (2003). Advanced simulation model for brushless DC motor drives. Electric Power Components and Systems, 31(9), 841–868. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325000390227191
  2. [2] Jeon, Y. S., Mok, H. S., Choe, G. H., Kim, D. K., & Ryu, J. S. (2000). A new simulation model of BLDC motor with real back EMF waveform. In Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics (COMPEL 2000), 217-220. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIPE.2000.904719
  3. [3] Yamashita, R. Y., Silva, F. L., Santiciolli, F. M., Eckert, J. J., Dedini, F. G., & Silva, L. C. (2018). Comparison between two models of BLDC motor, simulation and data acquisition. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 40(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1020-0
  4. [4] Burgaç, A. (2026). Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric-Film Transducers Excited by Vortex-Induced Vibrations Behind Bluff Bodies for Off-Grid Applications. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi, 46(1), 119-129.
  5. [5] Burgaç, A. (2025). An experimental study on investigation of noise and thrust performance for modified propellers. European Mechanical Science, 9(3), 214-220.
  6. [6] Åström, K. J., & Hägglund, T. (1995). PID controllers: Theory, design, and tuning. The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society.
  7. [7] Oviedo, J. E., Boelen, T., & Van Overschee, P. (2006). Robust advanced PID control (RaPID): PID tuning based on engineering specifications. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 26(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2006.1580148
  8. [8] Bel, M., & Gürsoy-Demir, H. (2025). Çift Rotorlu MIMO Sistemi için Sürü Zekâsı Tabanlı LQGI Kontrolcü Tasarımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 41(2), 631-646

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Yazılım Mühendisliği (Diğer), Kontrol Teorisi ve Uygulamaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Temmuz 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

19 Haziran 2026

Kabul Tarihi

11 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ergün Saydam, A., & Gürsoy Demir, H. (2026). A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios. Enginoscope, 2. https://izlik.org/JA75EK64WF
AMA
1.Ergün Saydam A, Gürsoy Demir H. A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios. Enginoscope. 2026;(2). https://izlik.org/JA75EK64WF
Chicago
Ergün Saydam, Ahu, ve Handan Gürsoy Demir. 2026. “A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios”. Enginoscope, sy 2. https://izlik.org/JA75EK64WF.
EndNote
Ergün Saydam A, Gürsoy Demir H (01 Temmuz 2026) A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios. Enginoscope 2
IEEE
[1]A. Ergün Saydam ve H. Gürsoy Demir, “A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios”, Enginoscope, sy 2, Tem. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA75EK64WF
ISNAD
Ergün Saydam, Ahu - Gürsoy Demir, Handan. “A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios”. Enginoscope. 2 (01 Temmuz 2026). https://izlik.org/JA75EK64WF.
JAMA
1.Ergün Saydam A, Gürsoy Demir H. A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios. Enginoscope. 2026. Available at https://izlik.org/JA75EK64WF.
MLA
Ergün Saydam, Ahu, ve Handan Gürsoy Demir. “A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios”. Enginoscope, sy 2, Temmuz 2026, https://izlik.org/JA75EK64WF.
Vancouver
1.Ahu Ergün Saydam, Handan Gürsoy Demir. A Multi-Stage Search-Based PI Tuning Strategy for BLDC Motor Speed Control under Disturbance Scenarios. Enginoscope [Internet]. 01 Temmuz 2026;(2). Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA75EK64WF