Suhrawardī the Philosopher and the Reasons Behind His Death

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 5 - 14, 30.05.2020

İlyas Altuner

Öz

Although the cause of Suhrawardī’s death may have been his esoteric views, we can see that this was a political medium. Because the decision of Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī to execute Suhrawardī was political, especially because of the Crusades moving towards al-Quds at that time, where was taken by the Crusaders. There is a definite alliance upon that Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī ordered to kill Suhrawardī. Because the other issues Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī was dealing with prevented him from coming to Aleppo and examining this issue in detail. At the same time, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī could not have time to discuss whether the decision to kill Suhrawardī for political reasons was a hasty one. although the cause of Suhrawardī’s death may have been his esoteric views, we can see that this was a political medium. As a result, the decision of Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī to execute Suhrawardī has based on political reasons. Some matters were mentioned in Suhrawardī’s death fatwā, especially his suggestion of disbelief to the people and his disorderly conduct of al-Malik al-Ẓāhir were cited as the cause of death.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suhrawardī, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Ayyūbī, esotericism, death fatwā, execution

Kaynakça

• Abū Rayyān, Muḥammad ʻAlī. Uṣūl al-Falsafa al-Ishrāqiyya. Beirut: Dār aṭ-Ṭalaba al-ʻArab, 1969.
• Al-Asnawī. Ṭabaqāt ash-Shāfiʻiyya. Ed. Kamāl Yūsuf al-Ḥūt. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmiyya, 1987.
• Al-Dhahabī. Siyar Aʿlām an-Nubalā’. Ed. Bashshār ʻAwwād Maʻrūf and Muḥyī Hilāl as-Sarḥān. Beirut: Muassasa ar-Risāla, 1984.
• Al-Ghazālī, Faḍāiḥ al-Bāṭiniyya. Ed. ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī. Cairo: Dār al-Qawmiyya, 1964.
• Al-Ḥamawī. Muʻjam al-Udabā’: Irshād al-Arīb ilā Maʻrifa al-Adīb. Ed. Iḥsān ʻAbbās. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1993.
• Al-Ṣafadī, al-Wāfī bi al-Wafayāt. Ed. Aḥmad al-Arnāwūt and Turkī Muṣṭafā. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ at-Turāth al-ʻArabī, 2000.
• Al-Shahrazūrī. Nuzhat al-Arwāḥ wa Rawḍat al-Afrāḥ. Ed. Eşref Altaş. Istanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2015.
• Al-Ziriklī. al-Aʻlām: Qāmūs Tarājim Ashhur ar-Rijāl wa an-Nisā’. Beirut: Dār al-ʻIlm al-Malāyīn, 2002.
• Brockelmann, Carl. Geschihte der Arabischen Litteratur. Weimar: Verlag von Emil Ferber, 1898.
• Corbin, Henry. History of Islamic Philosophy. Trans. Liadain Sherrard. London and New York: Kegan Paul, 1993.
• Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʻa. ʻUyūn al-Anbā’ fī Ṭabaqāt al-Aṭibbā’. Ed. Nizār Riḍā. Beirut: Dār Maktaba al-Ḥayāt, 1965.
• Ibn Khallikān. Wafayāt al-Aʿyān wa Anbā’ Abnā’ az-Zamān. Ed. Iḥsān ʻAbbās. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1977.
• Marcotte, Roxanne D. “Suhrawardī al-Maqtūl, the Martyr of Aleppo.” Al-Qantara: Revista de Estudios Arabes 22, no. 1 (2001): 395-419.
• Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia. Ed. Mehdi Amin Razavi. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.
• Suhrawardī. Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq. Ed. Henry Corbin. Majmūʻa-yi Musannafāt-i Shaykh-i Ishrāq. Tehran: Pajūgāh-i ʻUlūm-i Insānī wa Mutālaʻāt-i Farhangī, 2001.
• Uluç, Tahir. “Al-Suhrawardī's Critique of Ibn Sīnā's Refutation of the Platonic Forms.” Ilahiyat Studies 3, no. 1 (2012): 7-27.
• Walbridge, John. The Wisdom of the Mystic East: Suhrawardī and Platonic Orientalism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001.
• Ziai, Hossein. “Al-Suhrawardī.” The Encyclopedia of Islam. Eds. Clifford Edmund Bosworth and Others. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997.