The impacts of endosymbiotic bacteria on insects

Öz

Symbiotic bacteria are ubiquitous in insect hosts. The host-symbiont interactions vary from obligate to facultative associations depending on their coevoluationary histories. These microbial fauna have a broad array of effects on their hosts. In the case of insects that typically live on limited nutrients, one common role of their obligate endosymbionts (referred to as Primary symbionts) is to supply essential nutrients to their hosts. Among the nutrients provided by symbionts are essential amino acids, vitamins and other potentially beneficial compounds that restricted host diets typically lack. Beyond nutrient provisioning, symbionts have been implicated in the detoxification of dietary compounds and insecticides as well. In a number of insect systems, facultative associations (referred to as Secondary symbionts) contribute to resistance toward natural enemies, provide tolerance to heat shock or impact host transmission of viruses. The parasitic bacterium, Wolbachia, which are widely prevalent in diverse insect taxa, influence host reproductive biology and have an impact on host population dynamics via mechanisms such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis induction (PI), feminization and male killing. Here we review the current knowledge on the interactions between symbionts and their insects hosts and introduce the symbiont-based approaches that are being investigated to control insect pests.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant, insects, endosymbiotic bacteria, symbiosis, pest management

Endosimbiyotik bakterilerin böcekler üzerine etkisi

Öz

Böceklerde oldukça yaygın olan simbiyotik bakteriler konukçularında çok değişik etkiler göstermektedir. Evrimsel sürece bağlı olarak konukçu simbiyont ilişkileri obligat ya da fakültatif olabilmektedir. Obligat olan primer simbiyontlar bitki özsuyunda bulunmayan temel aminoasitleri, vitaminleri ve faydalı pek çok bileşiği konukçusu olan böceklere sağlamaktadır. Besin sağlamalarının yanı sıra simbiyontların beslenmeyle ilgili bileşiklerin hatta insektisitlerin detoksifikasyonundan sorumlu olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bazı böceklerde doğal düşmanlara karşı gösterilen farklı savunma reaksiyonları fakültatif olan sekonder simbiyontlar ile ilişkilendirilirken bazı simbiyontların sıcaklığa karşı tolerans gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Ayrıca bazı endosimbiyontlar vektör böceklerin virüs taşıma yeteneklerini de etkileyebilmektedir. Öte yandan, böcek takımlarında yaygın olarak bulunan Wolbachia gibi parazitik bakteriler; sitoplazmik uyuşmazlık (CI), partenogenezisin teşvik edilmesi (PI), dişileşme (feminizasyon) ve erkek ölümü gibi mekanizmalarla konukçularının populasyon dinamiklerini etkilerler. Bu derlemede simbiyont konukçu ilişkisi hakkında bilinenler irdelenerek, simbiyontların zararlı mücadelesinde kullanım olanakları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki, böcek, endosimbiyotik bakteriler, simbiyozis, zararlı mücadelesi

Kaynakça

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