Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), in biological control of Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most serious pests in Iran that attacks nearly all vegetables. Using synthetic insecticides is the main controlling method of this pest. Human and environmental health hazards on insecticides usage encourage scientists to search for alternative safer methods. This research is devised to evaluate the potential of two indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes against this pest. Ability of different concentrations of infective juveniles to infect penultimate and last instars larvae, pre-pupa and pupa was assessed under laboratory condition after 12, 24 and 48 h. Susceptibility of larval stages, pre-pupa and pupa to different concentrations of both entomopathogenic nematodes was evaluated in a pot experiment. Final instar larvae was the most susceptible stage in both laboratory and greenhouse condition. Pre-pupa was more vulnerable to entomopathogenic nematodes as compared with pupa. The mortality increased with increasing in the time of exposure. After 12 hours, the LD₅₀ of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) and Steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) on final instar larvae were 34 and 56 infective juveniles per 10 cm Petri dish respectively. About 98 and 90% of final instar larvae were parasitized five days after exposing to H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae in the greenhouse. According to the results, these two indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes have good potentials in managing A. segetum.

Keywords

• Biocontrol
• common cutworm
• lethal dose
• pest management
• turnip moth

Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)’ un biyolojik mücadelesinde entomopatojen nematodlar, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) ve Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser)’ ın etkinlikleri

Öz

Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), İran'da hemen hemen tüm sebze bitkilerine saldıran en önemli zararlılardan birisidir. Zararlının mücadelesinde sentetik kimyasallar kullanılmaktadır. İnsektisit kullanımının çevreye insan hayatına vermiş olduğu olumsuz etkileri ortadan kaldırmak için bilim insanları zararlılar ile mücadele için alternatif ve daha güvenli metotlar araştırmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma bu zararlıya karşı iki entomopatojen nematod türünün potansiyelini belirlemek için planlanmıştır. Farklı konsantrasyondaki nematod juvenillerinin zararlının sondan bir önceki, son, pre-pupa ve pupa dönemleri üzerindeki etkisi laboratuvar koşullarında uygulamadan 12, 24 ve 48 saat sonra değerlendirilmiştir. Larva dönemlerinin, pre-pupa ve pupa dönemlerinin her iki nematodun farklı konsantrasyonlarına uygunluğu saksı denemeleri ile belirlenmiştir. Zararlının son larva dönemi hem laboratuvar hem de sera koşullarında nematodlar için en uygun dönem olarak belirlenmiştir. Pupa dönemi ile karşılaştırıldığında pre-pupa dönemi nematodlara karşı daha hassas bulunmuştur. Ölüm oranı zararlının nematodla muamele süresi arttıkça artmıştır. Uygulamadan 12 saat sonra Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) ve Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser)' nın son larva dönemine karşı 10 cm çapındaki Petri kabında LD50 değeri sırasıyla 34 ve 56 juvenil bulunmuştur. Serada H. bacteriophora ve S. carpocapsae uygulamalarından beş gün sonra son larva dönemlerinin yaklaşık % 98 ve 90'nın nematodlar tarafından parazitlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre her iki entomopatojen nematod türünün A. segetum mücadelesinde önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik mücadele
• bozkurt
• letal doz
• zararlılarla mücadele
• şalgam güvesi

Kaynakça

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