İris rengi ve retina pigment epitel melanininin alerjik rinite olan etkisi

Öz

Objective: The purpose of this case control study is to establish the influence of iris color and retina pigment epithelium melanin on allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Ninety-nine subjects diagnosed prospectively as allergic rhinitis and 85 control subjects were included in the study. Color of iris was recorded after ophthalmic examination. Electro-oculographic measurement was done after pupil dilatation and Arden ratios were recorded.

Results: Mean age was 29.44±9.8 years in subject with allergic rhinitis and 32.67±12.9 years in control subjects (p>0.05). Measured mean Arden ratio was 158.22±29.4 in subjects with allergic rhinitis and 179.34±29.3 in normal subjects (p<0.05). In control group, Arden ratio was significantly higher in eyes with brown iris (p<0.05). In subjects with allergic rhinitis, Arden ratio was significantly lower in brown eyes (p<0.05).

Conclusion: An association between allergic rhinitis and melanin content of iris and retina pigment epithelium was found. It can be speculated that pigment-producing system may play a role in the pathogenesis of the allergic rhinitis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allergic rhinitis,iris color,retina pigment epithelium,Arden ratio,melanin

Kaynakça

1. 1. Al Suleimani YM, Walker MJ. Allergic rhinitis and its pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2007;114:233–60.
2. 2. Dahl R, Mygind N. Anatomy, physiology and function of the nasal cavities in health and disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998;29: 3–12.
3. 3. Taylor-Clark TE. Insights into the mechanisms of histamineinduced inflammation in the nasal mucosa. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008;21:455–60.
4. 4. Stjernschantz JW, Albert DM, Hu DN, Drago F, Wistrand PJ. Mechanism and clinical significance of prostaglandin-induced iris pigmentation. Surv Ophthalmol 2002;47 Suppl 1:S162–75.
5. 5. Arden GB, Constable PA. The electro-oculogram. Prog Retin Eye Res 2006;25:207–48.
6. 6. Nordlund JJ. The melanocyte and the epidermal melanin unit: an expanded concept. Dermatol Clin 2007;25:271–81.
7. 7. Synnerstad I, Nilsson L, Fredrikson M, Rosdahl I. Fewer melanocytic nevi found in children with active atopic dermatitis than in children without dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 2004;140: 1471–5.
8. 8. Koreck AI, Csoma Z, Bodai L, et al. Rhinophototherapy: a new therapeutic tool for the management of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:541–7.

9. 9. Leong SC. Rhinophototherapy: gimmick or an emerging treatment option for allergic rhinitis? Rhinology 2011;49:499–506.
10. 10. Wakamatsu K, Hu DN, McCormick SA, Ito S. Characterization of melanin in human iridal and choroidal melanocytes from eyes with various colored irides. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008; 21:97–105.
11. 11. Hu DN, McCormick SA, Orlow SJ, Rosemblat S, Lin AY, Wo K. Melanogenesis by human uveal melanocytes in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36:931–8.
12. 12. Eagle RC, Jr. Iris pigmentation and pigmented lesions: an ultrastructural study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1988;86:581–687.
13. 13. Bito LZ, Matheny A, Cruickshanks KJ, Nondahl DM, Carino OB. Eye color changes past early childhood. The Louisville Twin Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:659–63.
14. 14. Tugal-Tutkun I, Urgancioglu M. Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006;244:742–6.
15. 15. Wistrand PJ, Stjernschantz J, Olsson K. The incidence and timecourse of latanoprost-induced iridial pigmentation as a function of eye color. Surv Ophthalmol 1997;41 Suppl 2:S129–38.
16. 16. Johnstone MA. Hypertrichosis and increased pigmentation of eyelashes and adjacent hair in the region of the ipsilateral eyelids of patients treated with unilateral topical latanoprost. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;124:544–7.
17. 17. Weis E, Shah CP, Lajous M, Shields JA, Shields CL. The association between host susceptibility factors and uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:54–60.
18. 18. Hu DN, Woodward DF, McCormick SA. Influence of autonomic neurotransmitters on human uveal melanocytes in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2000;71:217–24.
19. 19. McCartney AC, Riordan-Eva P, Howes RC, Spalton DJ. Horner's syndrome: an electron microscopic study of a human iris. Br J Ophthalmol 1992;76:746–9.
20. 20. Takanashi J, Tada H, Tomita M, et al. Contralateral rhinorrhea as a feature of infantile Horner's syndrome. Neurology 2003;61: 1309–10.
21. 21. Reeser F, Weinstein GW, Feiock KB, Oser RS. Electro-oculography as a test of retinal function. The normal and supernormal EOG. Am J Ophthalmol 1970;70:505–14.
22. 22. Lubinski W, Zajaczek S, Sych Z, Penkala K, Palacz O, Lubinski J. Electro-oculogram in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Doc Ophthalmol 2001;103:91–103.
23. 23. Marmor MF. Standardization notice: EOG standard reapproved. Electro-oculogram. Doc Ophthalmol 1998;95:91–2.
24. 24. Jun ES, Kim YS, Yoo, Roh HJ, Jung JS. Changes in expression of ion channels and aquaporins mRNA during differentiation in normal human nasal epithelial cells. Life Sci 2001;68:827–40.
25. 25. Boulton M, Dayhaw-Barker P. The role of the retinal pigment epithelium: topographical variation and ageing changes. Eye (Lond) 2001;15:384–9.
26. 26. Joseph DP, Miller SS. Alpha-1-adrenergic modulation of K and Cl transport in bovine retinal pigment epithelium. J Gen Physiol 1992;99:263–90.
27. 27. Kemeny L, Koreck A. Ultraviolet light phototherapy for allergic rhinitis. J Photochem Photobiol B 2007;87:58–65.
28. 28. Awaya A, Watanabe K, Kato S. Individuals exhibiting conspicuous nevi (lentigo simplex) are resistant to allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis (pollinosis), but those who do not show increased susceptibility to pollinosis. Microbiol Immunol 2003;47:101–3.
29. 29. Everett HC. Sneezing in response to light. Neurology 1964;14: 483–90.
30. 30. Ozsutcu M, Ozkaya E, Demir A, Erenberk U, Sogut A, Dundaroz R. Pupillometric assessment of autonomic nervous system in children with allergic rhinitis. Med Princ Pract 2013; 22:444–8.
31. 31. Tsatmali M, Ancans J, Thody AJ. Melanocyte function and its control by melanocortin peptides. J Histochem Cytochem 2002; 50:125–33.