The Effect of Carnitine Supplementation on Egg Quality and Some Serum Parameters in Laying Hens Reared in Different Stocking Densities and Fed Diet with Low or High Energy

Öz

-

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karnitin, yerleşim sıklığı, yumurta kalitesi, yumurta tavuğu

Farklı Kafes Yoğunluğunda Barındırılan ve Farklı Düzeyde Enerji İçeren Yemlerle Beslenen Yumurta Tavuklarının Rasyonlarına Karnitin Katılmasının Yumurta Kalitesi ve Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametrelere Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı kafes yoğunluğunda barındırılan ve farklı düzeyde enerji içeren yemlerle beslenen yumurtatavuklarının rasyonlarına L-karnitin katılmasının yumurta iç ve dış kalitesi ve serum enzim, lipid ve mineral düzeylerineetkisini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmada 32 haftalık 176 yumurta tavuğu 4 tekrarlı 8 gruba ayrıldı. İlk 4gruptaki hayvanlar her kafeste 4 tavuk (500 cm2/tavuk); diğer 4 gruptakiler ise her kafeste 7 tavuk (285,7 cm2/tavuk)olacak şekilde yerleştirildi. Tavuklar, enerji düzeyi yüksek (2850 kcal/kg ME) veya düşük (2650 kcal/kg ME) rasyonlara,0 veya 200 ppm L-karnitin (Carniking®) katılan yemlerle 70 gün beslendi. Yerleşim sıklığının artması, yumurta kabukoranını (P

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karnitin, yerleşim sıklığı, yumurta kalitesi, yumurta tavuğu

Kaynakça

1. Adabi SG, Moghaddam G, Taghizadeh A, Nematollahi A, Farahvash T, 2006. Effect of L- carnitine and vegetable fat on broiler breeder fertility, hatchability, egg yolk and serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Int J Poult Sci, 5 (10): 970-974.
2. Arslan C, 2006. L-carnitine and its use as a feed additive in poultry feding. Revue Med Vet, 157(3): 134-142.
3. Arslan C, Citil M, Saatçi M, 2003. Effects of L
4. administration carnitine
5. performance, carcass traits, blood serum parameters
6. composition of duck. Arch Anim Nutr, 57(5): 381-388. on growth and abdominal fatty acid
7. Arslan C, Citil M, Saatçi M, 2004. Effects of L
8. administration carnitine

9. performance, carcass traits, serum lipids and
10. abdominal fatty acid compositions of geese.
11. Revue Med Vet, 155(6): 315-320. growth
12. Bayram İ, Akıncı Z, Uysal H, 1999. Japon bıl- dırcın rasyonlarına katılan L-karnitin ve vitamin C’ nin besi performansı ve yumurta verimi üzeri- ne etkisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 10: 32-37.
13. Brake JD, Peebles ED, 1992. Laying hen performance as affected by diet and caging density. Poultry Sci, 71(6): 945-950.
14. Braun JP, Medaille C, Trumel C, 2008. Clinical interpretion concentrations: A review of the main metabolic factors affecting varition. Isr J Vet Med, 63(1): 1-10. activities and
15. Bulum KL, Mengi A, 2000, Normal ve fascioliasis’li sığırlarda serum AST, ALT, GGT, ALP aktiviteleri ile total protein, albumin, total bilirubin düzeyleri üzerine araştırmalar. İstan- bul Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 26(2): 311-324.
16. Çakır S, Yalçın S, 2007. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in diets with low or normal energy level on growth performance and carcas traits in broilers. Revue Med Vet, 158 (6): 291-296.
17. Çelik LB, Tekeli A, Öztürkcan O, 2004. Effects of supplemental L-carnitine in drinking water on performance and egg quality of laying hens exposed to a high ambient temperature. J Anim Physiol, 88: 229-233.
18. Çördük M, Sarıca S, Çalıkoğlu E, Kıralan M, 2008. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation to diets with different fat sources and energy levels on fatty acid composition of egg yolk of laying hens. J Sci Food Agric, 88: 2244-2252.
19. Daşkıran M, Önol GA, Sarı M, Tatlı O, Şahin T, 2005. Farklı düzeylerde metiyonin içeren yumurta tavuğu rasyonlarına L-karnitin katıl- masının geç yumurtlama dönemindeki yumur- ta tavuklarının performans ve yumurta kalitesi üzerine etkisi. III. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi. ss: 205-212. 07-10 Eylül, Adana- Türkiye.
20. Demircioğlu F, Arslan N, 2006. Çocuklarda alkolik olmayan yağlı karaciğer hastalığı. Ço- cuk Sağ Hast Derg, 49: 339-346.
21. Erişir M, Erişir Z, 2002. Yerleşim sıklığı arttırı- lan bıldırcınların (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) bazı biyokimyasal kan parametrelerindeki de- ğişiklikler. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 26: 491-496.
22. Gezen ŞŞ, Balcı F, Kardeş S, Petek M, Deniz G, 2003. Enerji ve protein düzeyleri farklı rasyonlara L-karnitin katkısının broyler perfor- mansı ve iç organ ağırlıklarına etkisi. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 29: 229-240.
23. Grobas S, Mendez J, De-Blas C, Mateos GG, 1999. supplemental concentration on performance of laying hens at two ages. Br Poult Sci, 40: 681-687. energy, fat linoleic acid
24. Hayırlı A, Esenbuga N, Macit M, Lacin E, Karaoglu M, Karaca H, Yıldız L, 2005. Nutrition practice to alleviate the adverse effects of stres on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak producing supplementation. Asian- Austral J Anim Sci, 18(9): 1310-1319. I. The humate
25. Hempe JM, Lauxen RC, Savage JE, 1988. Rapid determination of egg weight and spesific gravity using a computerized data collection system. Poultry Sci, 67(6): 902-907.
26. Jackson ME, Waldrup PW, 1988. The Effect of dietary nutrient space and number of hens per cage on layer performance in two different cage types. Nutr Rep Int, 37: 1027-1035.
27. Jalal MA, Scheideler SE, Marx D, 2006. Effect of bird cage space and dietary metabolizable energy level on production parameters in laying hens. Poultry Sci, 85: 306-311.
28. Junqueira OM, De Laurentiz AC, Da Silva FR, Rodrigues EA, Casartelli EM, 2006. Effects of energy and protein levels on egg quality and performance of laying hens at early second production cycle. J Appl Poult Res, 15: 110- 115.
29. Kita K, Nakajima S, Nakagawa J, 2005. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation improves albumen quality of laying hens. Poultry Sci, 42: 79-83.
30. Kul S, Seker İ, 2004. Phenotypic correlations between some external and internal egg quality traits in the japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica). Int J Poult Sci, 3(6): 400- 405.
31. Lee K, Moss CW, 1995. Effects of population density on layer performance. Poultry Sci, 74 (11): 1754-1760.
32. Lien TF, Horng YM, 2001. Effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcase traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid β-oxidation of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci, 42: 92-95.
33. Nazlıgül A, Bardakçıoğlu HE, Türkyılmaz K, Cenan N, Oral D, 2001. Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) yerleşim sıklığı- nın yumurta verimi, yumurta ağırlığı ve yem tüketimine etkisi. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 2: 1-10.
34. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (A.O.A.C.), 1984. 14th Edition. Arlington, Virginia.
35. Onbaşılar EE, Onbaşılar İ, 2007. Effect of cage density and sex on growth, food utilization and some stress parameters of young rabbits. Scand J Lab Anim Sci, 34(3): 1-7.
36. Özbey O, Esen F, 2007. The effects of breeding systems and stocking density on some blood parameters of rock partridges (Alectoris graeca). Poultry Sci, 86: 420-422.
37. Özçelik H, Yalçın S, 2004. The usage of L- carnitine and sodium humate in broiler rations. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51: 63-69.
38. Rabie MH, Szilagyi M, Gippert T, 1997. Effects performance and egg quality of laying hens from 65-73 weeks of age. Br J Nutr, 78(4): 615-623. L-carnitine on the 32. Rezaei M, Attar A, Kermanshahi H, 2007. Study the effects of different levels of fat and L-carnitine on performance, carcas characteristics and se- rum composition of broiler chicks. Pakistan J Biol Sci, 10(12): 1970-1976. A,
39. Sarıca M, Boga S, Yamak US, 2008. The effects of space allowance on egg yiend, egg quality and plumage condition of laying hens in battery cages. Czech J Anim Sci, 53(8): 346-353.
40. Şahin S, Macit M, Esenboğa N, Karaca H, 2007. Effect of cage density on performance and egg quality traits of layers. J Appl Anim Res, 31(1): 37-39.
41. Thiemel J, Jelinek P, 2004. The Effect of carnitine on hatching rate and metabolic profi- le of blood in breeding layers. Czech J Anim Sci, 49(12): 517-523. 36. Thompson BK, Hamilton RMG, 1982. Comparision of the precision and accuracy of the spesific gravity of eggs. Poultry Sci, 61: 1599-1605.
42. Tiftik AM, 1996. Klinik Biyokimya. Konya: Mi- moza Yayınları, ss: 1-413.
43. Wells RG, 1968. Egg Quality, A Study of Hen’s Egg. Ed. Carter TC, British Egg Marke- ting Board Symposium, Edinburgh. pp. 207- 249.
44. Wu G, Bryant MM, Gunawardana P, Roland SDA, 2007a. Effect of nutrient density on performance, egg components, egg solids, egg quality, and profits in eight commercial leghorn strains during phase one. Poultry Sci, 86: 691-697.
45. Wu G, Bryant MM, Voitle RA, Roland DA, 2005. Effect of dietary energy on perforrnance and egg composition of Bovans white and Dekalb white hens during phase I. Poultry Sci, 84: 1610-1615.
46. Wu G, Gunawardana P, Bryant MM, Voitle RA, Roland SDA, 2007b. Effect of molting method and dietary energy on postmolt performance, egg components, egg solid, and egg quality in Bovans white and Dekalb white hens during second cycle phases two and three. Poultry Sci, 86: 869-876.
47. Xu ZR, Wang MQ, Mao HX, Zhan XA, Hu CH, 2003. Effects of L- carnitine on growth performance, metabolism of lipids in male broilers. Poultry composition, and