Community Participation and Occupational Therapy

Öz

In recent years, the concept of participation has become a central concept in occupational therapy, rehabilitation and health services. Participation is the ultimate goal and result of occupational therapy interventions. Occupational therapists work in collaboration with individuals, groups or communities to increase participation through occupations. The individual's abilities, the characteristics of the activities, the context and the environment, can play a role in supporting or restricting participation. Occupational therapy practices are carried out in a wide variety of social areas such as home, school, workplaces, health centers, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, hospitals and forensic settings for all individuals who have impaired body structure and function due to their health condition, have limited participation, or are excluded because they are in social or cultural minority groups. Occupational therapy, community and participation concepts, participation from the World Health Organization's perspective, occupational therapy's role and responsibilities in community participation and participation in children, adults and older people with disabilities are discussed in this review.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : community participation,occupational therapy,rehabilitation

Toplumsal Katılım ve Ergoterapi

Öz

Katılım kavramı, son yıllarda ergoterapi, rehabilitasyon ve sağlık hizmetlerinde merkezi bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Katılım, ergoterapi müdahalelerinin nihai hedefi ve sonucudur. Ergoterapistler bireyler, gruplar veya topluluklarla işbirliği içerisinde çalışarak, aktiviteler yoluyla katılımı artırmayı hedeflerler. Bireyin yetenekleri, aktivitelerin özellikleri, bağlam ve çevrenin, katılımı destekleyici ya da kısıtlayıcı rol oynayabilir. Ergoterapi uygulamaları, sağlık durumu nedeniyle vücut yapı ve fonksiyonlarında bozukluğu olan, katılım kısıtlılığı yaşayan ya da sosyal veya kültürel azınlık gruplarda olduğu için dışlanan tüm bireylere yönelik olarak, ev, okul, iş yerleri, sağlık merkezleri, huzurevleri, rehabilitasyon merkezleri, hastaneler ve adli merkezler gibi çok çeşitli toplumsal alanlarda gerçekleştirilir. Bu derlemede, ergoterapi, toplum ve katılım kavramları, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün katılıma bakışı, toplumsal katılımda ergoterapistlerin rol ve sorumlulukları, çocuk, yetişkin ve yaşlı engelli bireylerde toplumsal katılım konularına yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• toplumsal katılım,iş ve uğraşı terapisi,rehabilitasyon

Kaynakça

1. Blake, K. (1995). The social isolation of young men with quadriplegia. Rehabilitation Nursing, 20(1), 17-22.
2. Cardol, M., de Haan, R. J., de Jong, B. A., Van den Bos, G. A., & de Groot, I. J. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 82(2), 210-216.
3. Chitambo, B., Smith, J., & Ehlers, V. J. (2002). Strategies for community participation in developing countries. Curationis, 25(3), 76-83.
4. Christiansen, C., Baum, C. M., & Bass-Haugen, J. (2005). Occupational therapy: Performance, participation, and well-being: Slack Incorporated.
5. Doll, J. D. (2010). Program development and grant writing in occupational therapy: Making the connection: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
6. Elliott, S., O'Neal, S., & Velde, B. P. (2001). Using Chaos Theory to Understand a Community-Built Occupational Therapy Practice. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 13(3-4), 101-111.
7. Fidler, G. S. (2001). Community practice: It's more than geography. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 13(3-4), 7-9.
8. Herzberg, G., & Finlayson, M. (2001). Development of occupational therapy in a homeless shelter. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 13(3-4), 131-144.

9. Idler, E. L., & Kasl, S. V. (1997). Religion among Disabled and Nondisabled Persons I: Cross-sectional Patterns in Health Practices, Social Activities, and Well-being Ellen. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 52(6), S294-S305.
10. Jensen, G. M., & Royeen, C. B. (2002). Improved rural access to care: dimensions of best practice. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 16(2), 117-128.
11. Jette, A. M., Keysor, J., Coster, W., Ni, P., & Haley, S. (2005). Beyond function: predicting participation in a rehabilitation cohort. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 86(11), 2087-2094.
12. Kretzmann, J. P., & McKnight, J. (1993). Building communities from the inside out: Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Neighborhood Innovations
13. Law, M. (2002). Participation in the occupations of everyday life. American journal of occupational therapy, 56(6), 640-649.
14. World Health Organization (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF: Geneva: World Health Organization.
15. Reed, K. L., & Sanderson, S. N. (1999). Concepts of occupational therapy: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
16. Rodger, S., & Ziviani, J. (2006). Children, their environments, roles and occupations in contemporary society.
17. Roley, S. S., Barrows, C. J., Susan Brownrigg OTR, L., Sava, D. I., Vibeke Talley Otr, L., Kristi Voelkerding, B., . . . Deborah Lieberman, M. (2008). Occupational therapy practice framework: domain & process 2nd edition. The American journal of occupational therapy, 62(6), 625.
18. Scaffa, M. E., Sasse, C. S., & Reitz, S. (2014). Public health, community health, and occupational therapy. ME Scaffa & SM Reitz Occupational therapy in community-based practice settings, 19-30.
19. Shernoff, D. J., Csikszentmihalyi, M., Schneider, B., & Shernoff, E. S. (2014). Student engagement in high school classrooms from the perspective of flow theory. In Applications of flow in human development and education (pp. 475-494): Springer.
20. Smith, B. J., Tang, K. C., & Nutbeam, D. (2006). WHO health promotion glossary: new terms. Health promotion international, 21(4), 340-345.
21. Söderback, I. (2009). Occupational Therapy: Emphasis on Clinical Practice. In International handbook of occupational therapy interventions (pp. 13-35): Springer.
22. Wilcock, A. A. (2006). An occupational perspective of health: Slack Incorporated.Wittman, P. P., & Velde, B. P. (2001). Occupational therapy in the community: What, why, and how. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 13(3-4), 1-5.