Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 113 - 137, 30.04.2024
Sharifa Giritlioglu
,
Nadejda Tsoy
Kaynakça
- Abdullayev, Iskandar, Ekaterina Strikeleva and Shavkat Rakhmatullayev (2020). Water Sector Development in Central Asia and Afghanistan: Status Review and Development Options. Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia (CAREC) and sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
- Abilgazina, Aizhan, Jeremy Cohen and Allan Mustard (2020). The Vital Resource: Water Management in Central Asia. Washington: Caspian Policy Center. Retrieved from https://api.caspianpolicy.org/media/uploads/2020/11/The-Vital-Resource-Water-Management-in-Central-Asia-01.pdf. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Ahmad, Masood and Mahwash Wasiq (2004). Water Resources Development in Northern Afghanistan and Its Implications for Amu Darya Basin. World Bank Working Paper No. 36, World Bank, Washington DC.
- Ahn, Young-Jin and Zuhriddin Juraev (2023). Water Scarcity in Central Asia: Case of Uzbekistan and Neighboring Countries [Preprint]. Social Sciences. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1153.v1. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Ahn, Young-Jin, Zuhriddin Juraev and Alisher Gofurov (2023). Regional Water Crisis: A Case Study of Uzbekistan and its Neighboring Countries [Preprint]. Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1710.v1
- Alliance4water.org (2023). Managing Afghanistan’s Water Crisis for Economic Resilience. Alliance for Global Water Adoptation. Retrieved from https://www.alliance4water.org/wr4er-cases/managing-afghanistans-water-crisis-for-economic-resilience. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Allouche, Jeremy (2020). “Nationalism, Legitimacy and Hegemony in Transboundary Water Interactions”. Water Alternatives, 13(2): 286–301.
- Astana Times (2023). Kazakh President outlines priorities for resolving water ıssues, Aral Sea Crisis. Retrieved from https://astanatimes.com/2023/09/kazakh-president-outlines-priorities-for-resolving-water-issues-aral-sea-crisis/. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Aydin-Kandemir, Fulya and Dursun Yildiz (2022). “Assessment of Growing Water and Food Security Crises in Afghanistan”. International Journal of Water Management and Diplomacy, 2022(5): 5–27.
- Dadabaev, Timur, Jenniver Sehring and Nigora Djalilova (2023). “Central Asian Water Neighbourhood: A Constructivist Reconceptualisation of Hydropolitics in Central Asia”. Water Alternatives, 16(3): 930–948.
- Caneecca.org (2023). The water crisis in Central Asia – how to find solutions? Climate Action Network. Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA). Retrieved from https://caneecca.org/en/the-water-crisis-in-central-asia-how-tofind-solutions/ Accessed: 14.02.2024.
- Central.asia-news.com (2023). Uzbekistan eyes new solutions for impending water crisis. Caravanserai. Retrieved from https://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/ 2023/ 05/30/feature-01. Accessed: 15.02.2024.
- Dehgan, Alex, Laura Jean Palmer-Moloney and Mehdi Mirzaee (2014). “Water Security and Scarcity: Potential Destabilization in Western Afghanistan and Iranian Sistanand Baluchestan Due to Transboundary Water Conflicts”. In Water and post-conflict peacebuilding, pp. 323-344. Routledge.
- Eurasianet.org (2023). Central Asian rivers levels poised for dramatic plunge, forcing urgent measures. Retrieved from https://eurasianet.org/central-asianriver-levels-poised-for-dramatic-plunge-forcing-urgent-measures. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Farahmand, Mohiden (2023). “Water Policy Analysis: Republican and Taliban Periods”. IEEE-SEM, 11(8): 81-110.
- Furlong, Kathryn (2010). “Neoliberal Water Management: Trends, Limitations, Reformulations”. Environment and Society, 1(1): 46-75. https://doi: 10.3167/ares.2010.010103
- Gafarli, Samir (2023). Navigating water conflict in Central Asia: the Amu Darya river and the Qosha Tepa Canal project. Retrieved from https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/08/24/navigating-water-conflict-in-central-asia-the-amu-darya-river-and-the-qosha-tepa-canal-project/. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Guo, Lidan, Haiwei Zhou, Ziqiang Xia and Feng Huang (2016). “Evolution, opportunity and challenges of transboundary water and energy problems in Central Asia”. Springer Plus, 5(1): 1918. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3616-0
- Hamidov, Ahmad, Katharina Helming and Dagmar Balla (2016). “Impact of Agricultural Land Use in Central Asia: A Review”. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36(1): 6. https://doi: https://10.1007/s13593-015-0337-7
- Hayat, Shakeel (2020). Inclusive Development and Multilevel Transboundary Water Governance: The Kabul River. 1st ed. London: CRC Press.
- Hurd, Ian (2008). “Constructivism” in The Oxford Handbook of International Relations (Eds. Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal). Oxford University Press. doi: https://10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.003.0017
- Imamova, N. (2022). Uzbekistan, Central Asia try to redefine Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Retrieved from https://www.voanews.com/a/uzbekistan-central-asia-try-to-redefine-shanghai-cooperation-organization/6751857.html. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Ipcinfo.org (2022). Afghanistan: Nearly 20 million Afghans experiencing high acute food insecurity. Retrieved from https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/resources/resources-details/en/c/1155598/. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Ita.gov (2023). Uzbekistan – Country commercial guide. International Trade Administration. Retrieved from https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/uzbekistan-agricultural-sectors#:~:text=Overview,26%25%20of%20the%20labor%20force. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Izteleuova, Elena (2022). Problema Afganistana v povestkah dnja Uzbekistana I Kazahstana [The problem of Afghanistan is on the agendas of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan]. Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting. Retrieved from https://cabar.asia/ru/problema-afganistana-v-povestkah-dnya-uzbekistana-i-kazahstana. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Jafarova, Nigar (2023). The water crises in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Retrieved from https://frontierview.com/insights/the-water-crises-in-central-asiaand-the-caucasus/. Accessed: 08.03.2024.
- Jalilov, S.-M., Varis, O., and Keskinen, M. (2015). Sharing Benefits in Transboundary Rivers: An Experimental Case Study of Central Asian Water-Energy-Agriculture Nexus. Water, 7(12): 4778–4805. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7094778
- Janusz-Pawletta, B., and Gubaidullina, M. (2015). Transboundary Water Management in Central Asia. Legal Framework to Strengthen Interstate Cooperation and Increase Regional Security. L’eau en Asie centrale, 195-215.
- Janusz-Pawletta, Barbara (2015). “Current Legal Challenges to Institutional Governance of Transboundary Water Resources in Central Asia and Joint Management Arrangements”. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(2): 887–896. doi: https://doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3471-7
- Janusz-Pawletta, Barbara (2018). “Legal Framework of Interstate Cooperation on Water Resources of Central Asia”, in Water Resources in Central Asia: International Context. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11205-9
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WATER SECURITY AND REGIONAL STABILITY IN CENTRAL ASIA: THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 113 - 137, 30.04.2024
Sharifa Giritlioglu
,
Nadejda Tsoy
Öz
The Amu Darya River, a critical water resource for Central Asia, frequently becomes a focal point of tensions between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Recent discussions regarding the Amu Darya have been reignited following the construction of a canal by the Taliban administration in 2023. This research delves into the water-related issues between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, with a particular emphasis on the significance of the Amu Darya River to the countries in the region. Adopting a historical perspective, this study systematically examines official reports, bilateral and multilateral agreements, and existing literature through comparative analysis. The findings suggest that cooperation and consensus at the bilateral level are paramount, overshadowing the contributions of regional and international organizations in resolving this issue.
Kaynakça
- Abdullayev, Iskandar, Ekaterina Strikeleva and Shavkat Rakhmatullayev (2020). Water Sector Development in Central Asia and Afghanistan: Status Review and Development Options. Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia (CAREC) and sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
- Abilgazina, Aizhan, Jeremy Cohen and Allan Mustard (2020). The Vital Resource: Water Management in Central Asia. Washington: Caspian Policy Center. Retrieved from https://api.caspianpolicy.org/media/uploads/2020/11/The-Vital-Resource-Water-Management-in-Central-Asia-01.pdf. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Ahmad, Masood and Mahwash Wasiq (2004). Water Resources Development in Northern Afghanistan and Its Implications for Amu Darya Basin. World Bank Working Paper No. 36, World Bank, Washington DC.
- Ahn, Young-Jin and Zuhriddin Juraev (2023). Water Scarcity in Central Asia: Case of Uzbekistan and Neighboring Countries [Preprint]. Social Sciences. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1153.v1. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Ahn, Young-Jin, Zuhriddin Juraev and Alisher Gofurov (2023). Regional Water Crisis: A Case Study of Uzbekistan and its Neighboring Countries [Preprint]. Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1710.v1
- Alliance4water.org (2023). Managing Afghanistan’s Water Crisis for Economic Resilience. Alliance for Global Water Adoptation. Retrieved from https://www.alliance4water.org/wr4er-cases/managing-afghanistans-water-crisis-for-economic-resilience. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Allouche, Jeremy (2020). “Nationalism, Legitimacy and Hegemony in Transboundary Water Interactions”. Water Alternatives, 13(2): 286–301.
- Astana Times (2023). Kazakh President outlines priorities for resolving water ıssues, Aral Sea Crisis. Retrieved from https://astanatimes.com/2023/09/kazakh-president-outlines-priorities-for-resolving-water-issues-aral-sea-crisis/. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Aydin-Kandemir, Fulya and Dursun Yildiz (2022). “Assessment of Growing Water and Food Security Crises in Afghanistan”. International Journal of Water Management and Diplomacy, 2022(5): 5–27.
- Dadabaev, Timur, Jenniver Sehring and Nigora Djalilova (2023). “Central Asian Water Neighbourhood: A Constructivist Reconceptualisation of Hydropolitics in Central Asia”. Water Alternatives, 16(3): 930–948.
- Caneecca.org (2023). The water crisis in Central Asia – how to find solutions? Climate Action Network. Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA). Retrieved from https://caneecca.org/en/the-water-crisis-in-central-asia-how-tofind-solutions/ Accessed: 14.02.2024.
- Central.asia-news.com (2023). Uzbekistan eyes new solutions for impending water crisis. Caravanserai. Retrieved from https://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/ 2023/ 05/30/feature-01. Accessed: 15.02.2024.
- Dehgan, Alex, Laura Jean Palmer-Moloney and Mehdi Mirzaee (2014). “Water Security and Scarcity: Potential Destabilization in Western Afghanistan and Iranian Sistanand Baluchestan Due to Transboundary Water Conflicts”. In Water and post-conflict peacebuilding, pp. 323-344. Routledge.
- Eurasianet.org (2023). Central Asian rivers levels poised for dramatic plunge, forcing urgent measures. Retrieved from https://eurasianet.org/central-asianriver-levels-poised-for-dramatic-plunge-forcing-urgent-measures. Accessed: 12.02.2024.
- Farahmand, Mohiden (2023). “Water Policy Analysis: Republican and Taliban Periods”. IEEE-SEM, 11(8): 81-110.
- Furlong, Kathryn (2010). “Neoliberal Water Management: Trends, Limitations, Reformulations”. Environment and Society, 1(1): 46-75. https://doi: 10.3167/ares.2010.010103
- Gafarli, Samir (2023). Navigating water conflict in Central Asia: the Amu Darya river and the Qosha Tepa Canal project. Retrieved from https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/08/24/navigating-water-conflict-in-central-asia-the-amu-darya-river-and-the-qosha-tepa-canal-project/. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Guo, Lidan, Haiwei Zhou, Ziqiang Xia and Feng Huang (2016). “Evolution, opportunity and challenges of transboundary water and energy problems in Central Asia”. Springer Plus, 5(1): 1918. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3616-0
- Hamidov, Ahmad, Katharina Helming and Dagmar Balla (2016). “Impact of Agricultural Land Use in Central Asia: A Review”. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36(1): 6. https://doi: https://10.1007/s13593-015-0337-7
- Hayat, Shakeel (2020). Inclusive Development and Multilevel Transboundary Water Governance: The Kabul River. 1st ed. London: CRC Press.
- Hurd, Ian (2008). “Constructivism” in The Oxford Handbook of International Relations (Eds. Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal). Oxford University Press. doi: https://10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.003.0017
- Imamova, N. (2022). Uzbekistan, Central Asia try to redefine Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Retrieved from https://www.voanews.com/a/uzbekistan-central-asia-try-to-redefine-shanghai-cooperation-organization/6751857.html. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Ipcinfo.org (2022). Afghanistan: Nearly 20 million Afghans experiencing high acute food insecurity. Retrieved from https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/resources/resources-details/en/c/1155598/. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Ita.gov (2023). Uzbekistan – Country commercial guide. International Trade Administration. Retrieved from https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/uzbekistan-agricultural-sectors#:~:text=Overview,26%25%20of%20the%20labor%20force. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Izteleuova, Elena (2022). Problema Afganistana v povestkah dnja Uzbekistana I Kazahstana [The problem of Afghanistan is on the agendas of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan]. Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting. Retrieved from https://cabar.asia/ru/problema-afganistana-v-povestkah-dnya-uzbekistana-i-kazahstana. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
- Jafarova, Nigar (2023). The water crises in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Retrieved from https://frontierview.com/insights/the-water-crises-in-central-asiaand-the-caucasus/. Accessed: 08.03.2024.
- Jalilov, S.-M., Varis, O., and Keskinen, M. (2015). Sharing Benefits in Transboundary Rivers: An Experimental Case Study of Central Asian Water-Energy-Agriculture Nexus. Water, 7(12): 4778–4805. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7094778
- Janusz-Pawletta, B., and Gubaidullina, M. (2015). Transboundary Water Management in Central Asia. Legal Framework to Strengthen Interstate Cooperation and Increase Regional Security. L’eau en Asie centrale, 195-215.
- Janusz-Pawletta, Barbara (2015). “Current Legal Challenges to Institutional Governance of Transboundary Water Resources in Central Asia and Joint Management Arrangements”. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(2): 887–896. doi: https://doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3471-7
- Janusz-Pawletta, Barbara (2018). “Legal Framework of Interstate Cooperation on Water Resources of Central Asia”, in Water Resources in Central Asia: International Context. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11205-9
- Karthe, Daniel, Sergey Chalov and Dietrich Borchardt (2015). “Water Resources and Their Management in Central Asia in the Early Twenty First Century: Status, Challenges and Future Prospects”. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(2): 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3789-1
- Kohistani, Shamali Madina (2022). SCO Council starts in Tashkent, situation in Afghanistan discussed. Retrieved from https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-179170. Accessed: 18.02.2024.
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