СAN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE BECOME A FUNDAMENTAL FACTOR IN THE NATION-BUILDING OF KAZAKHSTAN?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 95 - 117, 30.10.2024

Alikhan Shakenov Bagysh Gabdulina Tatyana Dronzina

Öz

Nation-building is not a one-day process and must be planned for the medium and long term. In nation-building, there are several aspects on which it is based, and the language used is one of the main ones. Countries were created on the principles of language, culture, and territorial affiliation. Therefore, the further formation of the nation for Kazakhstan is a very pressing issue today. This article examines the issue of nation-building in Kazakhstan using such a key tool as language. Thus, the article examines the research question: is the Kazakh language capable of becoming a full-fledged basis for building a nation in Kazakhstan today? The study used the results of a sociological and expert survey, which were conducted as part of the order of the Language Policy Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2023. The survey showed the level of proficiency and use of the Kazakh language among the Kazakh population, broken down by regions and ethnic groups. An expert survey identified the reasons for the weak distribution and use of the Kazakh language, and expert recommendations were provided. All these data were summarized and analysed in this article.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Memory, Historical memory, Cultural memory, Nation-building, National identity

Destekleyen Kurum

"Scientific Institute for the Study of Ulus Jochi” of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Proje Numarası

IRN BR21882266

Kaynakça

• Adelola, Yemi (2023). Education, language and nation-building; exploring the shift in paradigm. DataCite Metadata Store (German National Library of Science and Technology).
• Agadjaniana, Victor and Lesia Nedoluzhko (2022). “Imperial legacies, nation building, and geopolitics: Ethnoregional divides and the Russian language in Central Asia”. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 45(10): 1846-1872. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2021.1981966
• Alesina, Alberto and Bryony Reich (2015). Nation-building. Working paper, Department of Economics, Harvard University.
• Altynbekova, Olga (2015). “Jazykovye sdvigi v sfere obrazovanija Respubliki Kazahstan”. Russian Language Journal, 65(1): 55–74.
• Bayar, Yerim (2011). “The Trajectory of Nation-Building through Language Policies: the case of Turkey during the Early Republic (1920–38)”. Nations and Nationalism, 17(1): 108–128.
• Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2024). Demography statistics. Retrieved from https://stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/social-statistics/demography/publications/6373/. Accessed: 10.04.2024.
• Caviedes, Alexander (2003). “The Role of Language in Nation-Building within the European Union”. Dialectical Anthropology, 27: 249–268.
• Committee on Language Policy of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2024). Sociological and analytical research on language policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results of 2023. Retrieved from https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/language/documents/details/576585?direc tionId=20855&lang=ru. Accessed: 10.04.2024.
• Dupré, Jean-François (2012). “Intercultural Citizenship, Civic Nationalism, and Nation Building in Québec: From Common Public Language to Laïcité”. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 12(2): 227 – 248.
• Gellner, Ernest (1994). On Nationalism in Nationalism, Eds. Anthony Smith and John Hutchinson. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Gijsbert, Rutten (2019). Language Planning as Nation Building Ideology, policy and implementation in the Netherlands, 1750–1850. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• Heng, Michael S. H. (2017). “A Study of Nation Building in Malaysia. East Asia”. East Asia: An International Quarterly; Dordrecht, 34(3): 217–247.
• Hobsbawm, Eric J. (1990). Nations and Nationalism since 1870: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Ibrahim, Sangar Othman, Ali Mahmood Jukil and Gulbahar Beckett (2020). “The Influence of the Components of Nation Building on Language, with Reference to the Kurdish Language”. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 24(5): 231 – 243.
• Kamusella, Tomasz (2001). “Language as an Instrument of Nationalism in Central Europe”. Nations and Nationalism, 7(2): 235-251.
• Koptleuova, Kulpash (2021). “Jazykovaja situacija i sfery funkcionirovanija trehjazychija”. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Philology series, 2(182): 40 – 48.
• Kulbayeva, Aisulu (2018). “Polycentricity of Linguistic Landscape and Nation-Building in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan”. Central Asian Affairs, 5(2018): 289-312.
• Ngwenya, Themba (2011). “Social Identity and Linguistic Creativity: Manifestations of the Use of Multilingualism in South African Advertising”. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 29(1): 1–16.
• Noel, Clycq (2017). “We value your food but not your language: Education systems and nation-building processes in Flanders”. European Educational Research Journal, 16(4): 407–424.
• Ogwudile, Christian E.C. (2014). “The Igbo language: a tool for policy implementation and nation building”. Journal of Modern European Languages and Literatures, 2: 106 – 120.
• Okeke, Remi Chukwudi and Oboko Uche (2021). “The language of nationbuilding in nigeria: a systematic exposition”. Communication and Management, 7: 24-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5790204
• Pardesi, Hajra, Y. and Shahriar Ambreen (2020). “The Role of Language Policy in Nation-Building in Pakistan”. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 74: 18-24.
• Pathan, Habibullah, Syed Waqar Ali Shah, Shoukat Ali Lohar, Ali Raza Khoso and Sadia Memon (2018). “Language Policy and Its Consequences on Sindhi Language Teaching in Sindh, Pakistan”. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8(5): 135-141.
• Safran, William (1999). “Nationalism in J. A. Fishman (ed.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity”. New York: Oxford University Press, 77–93.
• Safran, William (2005). “Language and nation-building in Israel: Hebrew and its rivals”. Nations and Nationalism, 11(1): 43–63.
• Smagulova, Guldarkhan (2021). “Tәuelsіzdіk tugyry – memlekettіk tіldqoldanysy”. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Philology series. Philology series, 3: 170 – 180.
• Sulejmenova, Eleonora and Akanova Dana (2023). “Russkij jazyk v dominantnoj kommunikativnoj sfere obrazovanija Kazahstana”. Chinese Journal of Slavic Studies, 3(1): 68-85.
• Tajuddin, Ahmad and Zulkepli Noraini (2019). “An Investigation of the Use of Language, Social Identity and Multicultural Values for Nation-Building in Malaysian Outdoor Advertising”. Social sciences, 8(18): 1-10.
• Wright, Sue (2000). Community and Communication: The Role of Language in Nation Building and European Integration. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
• Wright, Sue (2004). Language Policy and Language Planning: From Nationalism to Globalization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.