BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

EMORY NILES VE ARTHUR SUTHERLAND’IN

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 50, 189 - 214, 01.06.2015

Öz

In 1990, Professor Justin McCarthy revealed the existence of areport, which he had discovered in the US National Archives, of a survey ofeastern Anatolia in the summer of 1919 by two Americans, Emory Niles andArthur Sutherland. Their account is one of the first descriptions of this regionby outside observers after World War I. However, the document lacks a criticalcomponent, Niles and Sutherland’s field notes, which the authors emphasizedshould be read in conjunction with their report. McCarthy assumed that themissing information was lost, perhaps destroyed, but he surmised that if it evercame to light, it would surely enhance our understanding of the period. Nilesand Sutherland’s field notes have not been destroyed, nor are they lost. Twoidentical copies exist in the archives of the former American Board ofCommissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) in Istanbul. This paperdescribes Niles and Sutherland’s mission to eastern Turkey and places it inhistorical context. It also speculates why the results of their investigation wereprobably ignored and eventually forgotten

Kaynakça

  • Hand Book: Near East Relief, Ekim 1920.
  • Minutes of the Meeting of the Constantinople Advisory Committee of the N.E.R., 13 Mart 1920, NER Dosyasi 1920–1921, box 41, Amerikan Bord Heyeti, İstanbul.
  • Notes of Captain E. H. Niles and Mr. A. E. Sutherland taken on trip of investigation July &August, 1919 http://courses.washington.edu/otap/archive/data/arch_20c/niles_suthr/Field _Notes_of_Niles_and_Sutherland_OTAP.pdf Son Erişim: 10 Eylül 2012
  • Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1919, vol. 2 (Washington, 1934).
  • Report of Captain Emory H. Niles and Mr. Arthur E. Sutherland Jr. on Trip of Investigation through Eastern Turkish Vilayets, Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1914–1931 (RG 256) General Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1918–1931, rulo 231
  • The One Hundred and Fourth Annual Report of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Boston: The Board, 1914).
  • T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri, DH.KMS.53-3/15_11
  • “Director, American Commission for Relief in the Near East to Admiral Mark L. Bristol”, 14 Haziran 1919, Relief Work 1919, box 37, Amerikan Bord Heyeti, İstanbul.
  • “Yakın Doğu Amerikan Yardım Heyeti Toplantı kayıtları”, 20. toplantı, 5 Mayıs 1919, Relief Work 1919, Kutu 37, Amerikan Bord Heyeti, Istanbul Secondary Sources “Armenians Fighting Turks: Besieging Van—Others Operating in Turkish Army’s Rear,” New York Times, 7 Kasım 1914
  • “Turkish Armenians in Armed Revolt: Were Ready to Join Russian Invaders, Having Drilled and Collected Arms,” New York Times, 13 Kasım 1914.
  • Aydın, Mustafa Cagri Erhan (eds.), Turkish-American Relations: Past, Present and Future (London and New York: Routledge, 2004).
  • Barton, James L. Daybreak in Turkey (Boston: The Pilgrim Press, 1908).
  • Barton, James L. Story of Near East Relief (1915–1930). An Interpretation (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930).
  • Bektaş, Yakup “The Sultan’s Messenger: Cultural Constructions of Ottoman Telegraphy, 1847–1880,” Technology and Culture, Vol. 41, No. 4 [Ekim 2000]
  • Daniel, Norman American Philanthropy in the Near East. 1820–1960 (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1970)
  • Gevinson, Alan Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911- 1960 [Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997]
  • Greene, Joseph K. Leavening the Levant [Boston, New York, Chicago: The Pilgrim Press, 1916]).
  • Grabill, Joseph L. Protestant Diplomacy and the Near East: Missionary Influence on American Policy, 1810–1927 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971)
  • McCarthy, Justin “The Report of Niles and Sutherland: An American Investigation of Eastern Anatolia after World War I,” XI. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Ankara: 5–9 Eylül 1990 (Ankara: Türk Tarihi Kurumu, 1994).
  • McCarthy, Justin, Esat Arslan, Cemalettin Taşkıran, ve Ömer Turan, The Armenian Rebellion at Van (Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2006), fn.1.
  • Miglio, Sarah “America’s Sacred Duty: Near East Relief and the Armenian Crisis, 1915–1930,” Rockefeller Research Reports Online, 2009, http://www.rockarch.org/publications/resrep/rronlinealpha.php.
  • Peet, Louise Jenison No Less Honor: The Biography of William Wheelock Peet (Privately printed, 1939), 183.
  • Peterson, Merrill D. “Starving Armenians”: America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1930 and After (Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2004)
  • Shaw, Stanford J. ve Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977)
  • Smith, Eli Researches of the Rev. E. Smith and Rev. H.G.O. Dwight in Armenia (Boston: Crocker and Brewster, 1833)
  • Strong, William E. The Story of the American Board: An Account of the First Hundred Years of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Boston, New York, Chicago: The Pilgrim Press, 1910).
  • Ussher, C.D. “Plan for the Safe and Peaceful Repatriation of Armenians in Van and Alashgerd,” n.d., Relief Work 1919, box 37, Amerikan Bord Heyeti, Istanbul.
  • Zürcher, Erik J. Turkey: a Modern History (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 1998).

AMERİKALILARIN ANADOLU GÖZLEMLERİ

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 50, 189 - 214, 01.06.2015

Öz

1990 yılında Justin McCarthy, ABD Ulusal Arşivleri’nde Emory Nilesile Arthur Sutherland adında iki Amerikalının 1919 yılı yazında DoğuAnadolu’da gerçekleştirdikleri bir saha çalışması raporunun varlığınıaçıklamıştır. Amerikalıların gözlemleri Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasındabu bölgenin durumu hakkında dış gözlemciler tarafından yapılan ilkçalışmalardan birisidir. Ancak söz konusu rapor, kritik bir bölüm teşkil edenve Niles ile Sutherland’in raporları ile beraber okunması gerektiğinivurguladığı saha çalışma notlarından yoksundur. McCarthy söz konusunotların kaybolduğunu, hatta belki de yok edildiği tahmininde bulunmuş,ancak ortaya çıkması halinde o dönemi tarihsel açıdan kesinlikle daha iyianlamamızı sağlayacağını vurgulamıştır. Niles ve Sutherland’in sahaçalışması notları ne yok edilmiş ne de kaybolmuştur. İki özdeş kopyasıİstanbul’da bulunan eski Dış Görevler İçin Amerikan KomisyonerlerKurumu arşivinde bulunmaktadır. Bu makale Niles ve Sutherland’in DoğuAnadolu’daki çalışmalarını incelemekte ve tarihsel bağlamınayerleştirmektedir. Ayrıca yaptıkları araştırmanın sonuçlarının muhtemelenneden göz ardı edildiğini ve zamanla unutulduğuna dair tahminlerdebulunulmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Hand Book: Near East Relief, Ekim 1920.
  • Minutes of the Meeting of the Constantinople Advisory Committee of the N.E.R., 13 Mart 1920, NER Dosyasi 1920–1921, box 41, Amerikan Bord Heyeti, İstanbul.
  • Notes of Captain E. H. Niles and Mr. A. E. Sutherland taken on trip of investigation July &August, 1919 http://courses.washington.edu/otap/archive/data/arch_20c/niles_suthr/Field _Notes_of_Niles_and_Sutherland_OTAP.pdf Son Erişim: 10 Eylül 2012
  • Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1919, vol. 2 (Washington, 1934).
  • Report of Captain Emory H. Niles and Mr. Arthur E. Sutherland Jr. on Trip of Investigation through Eastern Turkish Vilayets, Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1914–1931 (RG 256) General Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1918–1931, rulo 231
  • The One Hundred and Fourth Annual Report of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Boston: The Board, 1914).
  • T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri, DH.KMS.53-3/15_11
  • “Director, American Commission for Relief in the Near East to Admiral Mark L. Bristol”, 14 Haziran 1919, Relief Work 1919, box 37, Amerikan Bord Heyeti, İstanbul.
  • “Yakın Doğu Amerikan Yardım Heyeti Toplantı kayıtları”, 20. toplantı, 5 Mayıs 1919, Relief Work 1919, Kutu 37, Amerikan Bord Heyeti, Istanbul Secondary Sources “Armenians Fighting Turks: Besieging Van—Others Operating in Turkish Army’s Rear,” New York Times, 7 Kasım 1914
  • “Turkish Armenians in Armed Revolt: Were Ready to Join Russian Invaders, Having Drilled and Collected Arms,” New York Times, 13 Kasım 1914.
  • Aydın, Mustafa Cagri Erhan (eds.), Turkish-American Relations: Past, Present and Future (London and New York: Routledge, 2004).
  • Barton, James L. Daybreak in Turkey (Boston: The Pilgrim Press, 1908).
  • Barton, James L. Story of Near East Relief (1915–1930). An Interpretation (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930).
  • Bektaş, Yakup “The Sultan’s Messenger: Cultural Constructions of Ottoman Telegraphy, 1847–1880,” Technology and Culture, Vol. 41, No. 4 [Ekim 2000]
  • Daniel, Norman American Philanthropy in the Near East. 1820–1960 (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1970)
  • Gevinson, Alan Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911- 1960 [Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997]
  • Greene, Joseph K. Leavening the Levant [Boston, New York, Chicago: The Pilgrim Press, 1916]).
  • Grabill, Joseph L. Protestant Diplomacy and the Near East: Missionary Influence on American Policy, 1810–1927 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971)
  • McCarthy, Justin “The Report of Niles and Sutherland: An American Investigation of Eastern Anatolia after World War I,” XI. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Ankara: 5–9 Eylül 1990 (Ankara: Türk Tarihi Kurumu, 1994).
  • McCarthy, Justin, Esat Arslan, Cemalettin Taşkıran, ve Ömer Turan, The Armenian Rebellion at Van (Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2006), fn.1.
  • Miglio, Sarah “America’s Sacred Duty: Near East Relief and the Armenian Crisis, 1915–1930,” Rockefeller Research Reports Online, 2009, http://www.rockarch.org/publications/resrep/rronlinealpha.php.
  • Peet, Louise Jenison No Less Honor: The Biography of William Wheelock Peet (Privately printed, 1939), 183.
  • Peterson, Merrill D. “Starving Armenians”: America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1930 and After (Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2004)
  • Shaw, Stanford J. ve Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977)
  • Smith, Eli Researches of the Rev. E. Smith and Rev. H.G.O. Dwight in Armenia (Boston: Crocker and Brewster, 1833)
  • Strong, William E. The Story of the American Board: An Account of the First Hundred Years of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Boston, New York, Chicago: The Pilgrim Press, 1910).
  • Ussher, C.D. “Plan for the Safe and Peaceful Repatriation of Armenians in Van and Alashgerd,” n.d., Relief Work 1919, box 37, Amerikan Bord Heyeti, Istanbul.
  • Zürcher, Erik J. Turkey: a Modern History (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 1998).
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA75MU57RY
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Brian Johnson Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Sayı: 50

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Johnson, Brian. “AMERİKALILARIN ANADOLU GÖZLEMLERİ”. Ermeni Araştırmaları, sy. 50 (Haziran 2015): 189-214.