A comprehensive analysis of e-waste recycling and metal recovery solutions in Turkey

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 977 - 985, 31.12.2025

Dogukan Tunay

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1590798

Abstract

E-waste, despite its significant potential for metal recovery, continues to have low recycling rates globally, including in Turkey. With the growing demand for metals driven by the large-scale production of electrical and electronic devices, the efficient management and recovery of e-waste have become increasingly critical. Compared to traditional ores, e-waste contains substantially higher concentrations of valuable metals, making it a promising secondary resource.This study investigates the generation of electrical and electronic waste in Turkey and evaluates current recycling practices. Alternative scenarios for metal recovery were developed and assessed based on process efficiency, environmental impact, operational feasibility, and cost. The findings reveal that a hybrid system is the most effective approach. Specifically, pyrometallurgical methods are best suited for low-value metal-containing e-waste, while bio- or hydrometallurgical processes are recommended for high-value metal-containing e-waste after separation. This approach offers a comprehensive and sustainable solution for improving e-waste management and metal recovery efficiency.

Keywords

E-waste , metal recovery , secondary resource , biomining

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