INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL MODELS USED FOR MEASURING FESTIVALS’ ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Öz

Festivals are today’s most popular events. Their impacts on the organizer cities and regions are undisputed but the economic studies about them in Hungary are only focused on their business-success. Instead of this in West-Europe and in the USA it is clear that the measure of festival’s impacts is necessary in regional dimension because it influences the economic growth (development of tourism, infrastructure, parking possibilities and better human recourses) and it adds also to the living standard of the citizens. This document tries to assume and synthesize the results of the international theoretical works and their results about festival’s impact measuring methods. To do this it is necessary to characterize the festivals and festival-tourism as a part of cultural city tourism. This is indispensable to understand the importance and impacts of festivals on the cities. These can be read in the first part of the paper. But the main aim of this paper is to introduce the measuring models of festival’s economic impacts focused mainly on their needed input data, difficulties and adaptation possibilities for Hungary, which can be read in the second part of the analyzes. There are four types of measuring methods which are used abroad for measuring festival’s impacts and were analyzed during this research. This type of analyzes were never been made before in Hungary so this paper can be a compliment for the earlier festival-researches. Keywords: festivals, tourism, economic impact analysis, measuring models, and regionalism

Anahtar Kelimeler

• festivals, tourism, economic impact analysis, measuring models, and regionalism

FESTİVALLERİN İKTİSADİ ETKİLERİNİ ÖLÇMEDE KULLANILAN ULUSAL VE ULUSLARARASI MODELLER

Öz

Festivaller, günümüzün en popüler organizasyonlarıdır. Festivallerin, ev sahibi şehirlerin ve bölgelerin üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmaz fakat bu konuda Macaristan’da yapılan iktisadi çalışmalar sadece işletme başarısına odaklanmıştır. Buna rağmen, Batı Avrupada ve ABD’de festivallerin etkisinin bölgesel boyutta değerlendirildiği açıktır çünkü bu olaylar iktisadi büyümeyi etkiler (turizmin gelişimi, altyapı, park olanakları ve daha iyi insan kaynakları) ve ayrıca vatandaşların yaşam kalitesine katkıda bulunur. Bu çalışma, festivallerin etkisini ölçme yöntemleri üzerine yapılan uluslararası kuramsal çalışmaları ve sonuçlarını sentezlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç için, festivalleri ve festival turizmini, kültür şehri turizminin bir parçası olarak değerlendirmek gerekmektedir. Festivallerin, şehirler üzerindeki etkisini ve önemini anlamak gereklidir. Bu nokta, çalışmamızın ilk kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Fakat bu çalışmanın ana amacı, ikinci kısmı oluşturan festivallerin iktisadi etkilerini Macaristan için gerekli girdi bilgisi, zorluklar ve uyum olanakları üzerinden ölçme modellerinin tanıtılmasıdır. Festivallerin etkisini ölçmekte kullanılan ve bu çalışmada analiz edilecek dört farklı ölçme modeli bulunmaktadır. Macaristan’da bu alanda daha önce çalışma yapılmadığı için, bu çalışma daha önceki çalışmalar için tamamlayıcı özellik taşımaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• festivaller, turizm, iktisadi etki analizi, ölçme modelleri ve bölgeselcilik

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