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A POLICY SHIFT IN THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD: UKRAINE’S DYNAMICS VERSUS EUROPE

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 253 - 269, 31.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.26921

Öz

The European Union has regarded a stabilising neighbourhood for the regional and international security. It pursues to build a secure neighbourhood via international cooperations. Ukraine is a significant state for the European Union to build a secure neighbourhood by means of the European Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership. But Ukraine's 2014 civil conflicts revealed that this state has different internal dynamics to reverse European oriented policies. This article demonstrates that the European Neighbourhood Policy and its power, has been limited and reduced to regional and local axis, although the European Union has stabilising foreign policy instruments for its neighbours.

Kaynakça

  • Arman, Murat ve Mengüaslan, Hikmet (2015). “Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası Çerçevesinde Ukrayna Krizi”, Uğur Burç Yıldız (ed.), Avrupa Birliği’nin Dış İlişkileri: Bölgesel Politikalar, Bölgeler ve Uluslararası Aktörlerle İlişkiler, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara, 2015: 59-81.
  • Ash, Timothy Garton (2009). Facts Are Subversive: Political Writing From a Decade Without A Name, London: Atlantic Books.
  • Bodner, Matthew (2014). “Lavrov has harsh words for EU”, The Moscow Times. (17.02.2014) http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/lavrov-has-harsh-words-for-eu/494681.html, (accessed 17.09.2014).
  • Brudny, Yitzhak M., Finkel, Evgeny (2011). “Why Ukraine Is Not Russia Hegemonic National Identity and Democracy in Russia and Ukraine”, East European Politics and Societies, 25 (4): 813-833.
  • Bulmer, Simon J., Radaelli, Claudio M. (2004). “The Europeanisation of National Policy?”, Queen’s Papers on Europeanisation, 1: 11-13.
  • Casier, Tom (2011). “The EU's two-track approach to democracy promotion: the case of Ukraine”, Democratization, 18 (4): 956-977.
  • Commision of the European Communities (2004). “European Neighbourhood Policy: Strategy Paper”, COM(2004)373 Final. (12.05.2004) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52004DC0373&from=EN, (accessed 06.06.2015)
  • Council of European Union (2009). “Joint Decleration of the Prague Eastern Partnership Summit”, 8435/09 (Presse 78). http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/er/107589.pdf, (accessed 09.05.2015).
  • Dragneva, Rilka, Wolczuk, Kataryna (2012). “Russia, the Eurasian Customs Union and the EU: Cooperation, Stagnation or Rivalry?”, Briefing Paper, REP BP 2012/01, Chatham House.
  • Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, Mette (2006). Debates on European Integration, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Eriş, Özgür Ünal (2012). “European Neighbourhood Policy as a tool for stabilizing Europe’s Neighbourhood”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 12 (2): 243-260.
  • European Commission (2014). “Neighbourhood at the Crossroads: Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2013”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 99. (27.03.2014) http://www.eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/regional/eastern_partnership_report.pdf, (accessed 28.09.2014).
  • European Commission (2014). “Neighourhood at the Crossroads: Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2013”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 98, (27.03.2014) http://www.eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/stats/statistical_annex_2014.pdf, (accessed 27.09.2014)
  • European Commission (2014). “Ukraine: EU boosts humanitarian assistance and recovery aid to €32 million”, Press Release, (12.10.2014) http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-1660_en.htm, (13.10.2014).
  • European Commission (2014). “Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Ukraine Progress in 2013 and recommendations for action”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 96. (27.03.2014) http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/country-reports/ukraine_en.pdf (accessed 21.06.2015).
  • European Commission (2014). “Neighourhood at the Crossroads: Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2013”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 98. (27.03.2014) http://www.eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/stats/statistical_annex_2014.pdf, (accessed 27.06.2015)
  • European Commission (2014). “Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Ukraine Progress in 2013 and recommendations for action”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 96. (27.03.2014) http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/country-reports/ukraine_en.pdf (accessed 27.06.2015).
  • European Council Conclusions on External Relations (2015). (19.03.2015) http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/03/conclusions-russia-ukraine-european-council-march-2015/ (accessed 14.06.2015).
  • European Union External Action (2014). “European Neighbourhood Policy”. (27.03.2014) http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2014/270314_enp_package_en.htm, (accessed 27.06.2015).
  • Hatton, Daniel (2010). “Did the Orange Revolution Change Ukraine’s Geopolitical Position Regarding Russia and the West?”, POLIS Journal, 3: 1-26.
  • Kuzio, Taras (2012). “Ukraine's relations with the West since the Orange Revolution”, European Security, 21 (3): 1-19.
  • Lane, David (2007). “In or out of Europe? What prospects for Ukraine?”, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 8 (4): 495-504.
  • Langbein, Julia, Wolczuk, Kataryna (2012). “Convergence Without Membership? The impact of the European Union in the Neighbourhood: Evidence From Ukraine”, Journal of European Public Policy, 19 (6): 863-881.
  • Lasas, Ainius (2014). “Is the EU Ready for Ukrainian Membership?”, EUObserver. (25.02.2014) http://euobserver.com/opinion/123252, (accessed 25.05.2015).
  • Mearshimer, John J. (2014). “Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West’s Fault”, Foreign Affairs, 93 (5): 77-89.
  • Petro, Nicolai (2014). “Ukraine’s Ongoing Struggle with Its Russian Identity”, World Politics Review, (06.05.2014) http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13758/ukraine-s-ongoing-struggle-with-its-russian-identity, (06.01.2015), 4-10.
  • Pew Research, Global Attitudes Project (2014). “Global Indicators Database”, http://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/229/, (accessed 06.01.2015).
  • Pew Research Global Attitudes Project (2014). “Despite Concerns About Governance, Ukrainians Want to Remain One Country”, http://www.pewglobal.org/2014/05/08/despite-concerns-about-governance-ukrainians-want-to-remain-one-country/, (accessed 06.01.2015).
  • Pollack, Mark A. (2007). “Rational Choice and EU Politics”, http://www.unc.edu/euce/eusa2007/papers/pollack-m-09a.pdf: 31-55 (accessed 10.02.2015).
  • Popescu, Nicu (2014). “Eurasian Union: The Real, the Imaginary and the Likely”, Chaillot Paper, 132, European Union Institute for Security Studies.
  • Popescu, Nicu (2013). “The Russia-Ukraine Trade Spat”, 26. http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Alert_Ukraine_trade.pdf, (accessed 26.05.2015).
  • Popescu, Nicu (2011). EU Foreign Policy and Post-Soviet Conflicts: Stealth Interventions, New York: Routledge.
  • Pridham, Geoffrey (2008). “The EU’s Political Conditionality and Post-Accession Tendencies: Comparisons from Slovakia and Latvia”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 46(2): 365-387.
  • Pridham, Geoffrey (2000). The Dynamics of Democratization: A Comparative Approach, London: Continnuum.
  • Proedrou, Filippos (2010). “Ukraine’s foreign policy: accounting for Ukraine’s indeterminate stance between Russia and the West”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 10(4): 443-456.
  • Shlapentokh, Dmitry (2014). “From Russian to Ukrainian Eurasianism: The New ‘Historical’ Friends and Enemies”, Asian Ethnicity, 14(4): 449-466.
  • SIPRI (2014). “Military Expenditure and Arms Production”, SIPRI Year Book, http://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2014/04, (accessed 14.01.2015).
  • Solonenko, Iryna (2009). “External Democracy Promotion in Ukraine: The Role of the European Union”, Democratization, 16(4): 709-731.
  • Vitkine, Benoit (2014). “Vladimir Putin’s Eurasian Economic Union Gets Ready to Take on the World”, The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/28/eurasian-economic-union-russia-belarus-kazakhstan, (accessed 28.01.2015).
  • World Trade Organization (2014). “Ukraine Profil”, http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFView.aspx?Country=UA&Language=F, (accessed 10.02.2015).
  • Yıldız, Uğur Burç (2015). “Beş Yıl Sonra Avrupa Birliği’nin Doğu Ortaklığı Politikası: Mevcut Durum ve Olasılıklar”, Uğur Burç Yıldız (ed.), Avrupa Birliği’nin Dış İlişkileri: Bölgesel Politikalar, Bölgeler ve Uluslararası Aktörlerle İlişkiler, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara, 2015: 141-162.
  • Zhurzhenko, Tatiana (2005). “Europeanizing the Ukrainian-Russian Border: From EU Enlargement to the Orange Revolution”, Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 13:2: 137-154.

AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 253 - 269, 31.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.26921

Öz

Avrupa Birliği bölgesel ve uluslararası güvenlik için istikrar sağlayan bir komşuluk ilişkisini önemsemektedir. Uluslararası işbirlikleri aracılığıyla güvenli bir komşuluk inşa etme peşindedir. Ukrayna Avrupa Birliği için, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası ve Doğu Ortaklığı aracılığıyla güvenli bir komşuluğun inşasında önemli bir devlettir. Fakat Ukrayna’nın 2014’deki iç çatışmaları, bu devletin Avrupa yönlü politikaları tersine çeviren farklı iç dinamikleri olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu makale, Avrupa Birliği, komşularında istikrar sağlayan dış politika araçlarına sahip olmasına rağmen, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası’nın ve nüfuzunun bölgesel ve yerel eksenlerle sınırlı olup onlara indirgendiğini göstermektedir

Kaynakça

  • Arman, Murat ve Mengüaslan, Hikmet (2015). “Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası Çerçevesinde Ukrayna Krizi”, Uğur Burç Yıldız (ed.), Avrupa Birliği’nin Dış İlişkileri: Bölgesel Politikalar, Bölgeler ve Uluslararası Aktörlerle İlişkiler, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara, 2015: 59-81.
  • Ash, Timothy Garton (2009). Facts Are Subversive: Political Writing From a Decade Without A Name, London: Atlantic Books.
  • Bodner, Matthew (2014). “Lavrov has harsh words for EU”, The Moscow Times. (17.02.2014) http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/lavrov-has-harsh-words-for-eu/494681.html, (accessed 17.09.2014).
  • Brudny, Yitzhak M., Finkel, Evgeny (2011). “Why Ukraine Is Not Russia Hegemonic National Identity and Democracy in Russia and Ukraine”, East European Politics and Societies, 25 (4): 813-833.
  • Bulmer, Simon J., Radaelli, Claudio M. (2004). “The Europeanisation of National Policy?”, Queen’s Papers on Europeanisation, 1: 11-13.
  • Casier, Tom (2011). “The EU's two-track approach to democracy promotion: the case of Ukraine”, Democratization, 18 (4): 956-977.
  • Commision of the European Communities (2004). “European Neighbourhood Policy: Strategy Paper”, COM(2004)373 Final. (12.05.2004) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52004DC0373&from=EN, (accessed 06.06.2015)
  • Council of European Union (2009). “Joint Decleration of the Prague Eastern Partnership Summit”, 8435/09 (Presse 78). http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/er/107589.pdf, (accessed 09.05.2015).
  • Dragneva, Rilka, Wolczuk, Kataryna (2012). “Russia, the Eurasian Customs Union and the EU: Cooperation, Stagnation or Rivalry?”, Briefing Paper, REP BP 2012/01, Chatham House.
  • Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, Mette (2006). Debates on European Integration, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Eriş, Özgür Ünal (2012). “European Neighbourhood Policy as a tool for stabilizing Europe’s Neighbourhood”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 12 (2): 243-260.
  • European Commission (2014). “Neighbourhood at the Crossroads: Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2013”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 99. (27.03.2014) http://www.eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/regional/eastern_partnership_report.pdf, (accessed 28.09.2014).
  • European Commission (2014). “Neighourhood at the Crossroads: Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2013”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 98, (27.03.2014) http://www.eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/stats/statistical_annex_2014.pdf, (accessed 27.09.2014)
  • European Commission (2014). “Ukraine: EU boosts humanitarian assistance and recovery aid to €32 million”, Press Release, (12.10.2014) http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-1660_en.htm, (13.10.2014).
  • European Commission (2014). “Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Ukraine Progress in 2013 and recommendations for action”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 96. (27.03.2014) http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/country-reports/ukraine_en.pdf (accessed 21.06.2015).
  • European Commission (2014). “Neighourhood at the Crossroads: Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2013”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 98. (27.03.2014) http://www.eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/stats/statistical_annex_2014.pdf, (accessed 27.06.2015)
  • European Commission (2014). “Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Ukraine Progress in 2013 and recommendations for action”, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2014) 96. (27.03.2014) http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/2014/country-reports/ukraine_en.pdf (accessed 27.06.2015).
  • European Council Conclusions on External Relations (2015). (19.03.2015) http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/03/conclusions-russia-ukraine-european-council-march-2015/ (accessed 14.06.2015).
  • European Union External Action (2014). “European Neighbourhood Policy”. (27.03.2014) http://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2014/270314_enp_package_en.htm, (accessed 27.06.2015).
  • Hatton, Daniel (2010). “Did the Orange Revolution Change Ukraine’s Geopolitical Position Regarding Russia and the West?”, POLIS Journal, 3: 1-26.
  • Kuzio, Taras (2012). “Ukraine's relations with the West since the Orange Revolution”, European Security, 21 (3): 1-19.
  • Lane, David (2007). “In or out of Europe? What prospects for Ukraine?”, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 8 (4): 495-504.
  • Langbein, Julia, Wolczuk, Kataryna (2012). “Convergence Without Membership? The impact of the European Union in the Neighbourhood: Evidence From Ukraine”, Journal of European Public Policy, 19 (6): 863-881.
  • Lasas, Ainius (2014). “Is the EU Ready for Ukrainian Membership?”, EUObserver. (25.02.2014) http://euobserver.com/opinion/123252, (accessed 25.05.2015).
  • Mearshimer, John J. (2014). “Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West’s Fault”, Foreign Affairs, 93 (5): 77-89.
  • Petro, Nicolai (2014). “Ukraine’s Ongoing Struggle with Its Russian Identity”, World Politics Review, (06.05.2014) http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13758/ukraine-s-ongoing-struggle-with-its-russian-identity, (06.01.2015), 4-10.
  • Pew Research, Global Attitudes Project (2014). “Global Indicators Database”, http://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/229/, (accessed 06.01.2015).
  • Pew Research Global Attitudes Project (2014). “Despite Concerns About Governance, Ukrainians Want to Remain One Country”, http://www.pewglobal.org/2014/05/08/despite-concerns-about-governance-ukrainians-want-to-remain-one-country/, (accessed 06.01.2015).
  • Pollack, Mark A. (2007). “Rational Choice and EU Politics”, http://www.unc.edu/euce/eusa2007/papers/pollack-m-09a.pdf: 31-55 (accessed 10.02.2015).
  • Popescu, Nicu (2014). “Eurasian Union: The Real, the Imaginary and the Likely”, Chaillot Paper, 132, European Union Institute for Security Studies.
  • Popescu, Nicu (2013). “The Russia-Ukraine Trade Spat”, 26. http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Alert_Ukraine_trade.pdf, (accessed 26.05.2015).
  • Popescu, Nicu (2011). EU Foreign Policy and Post-Soviet Conflicts: Stealth Interventions, New York: Routledge.
  • Pridham, Geoffrey (2008). “The EU’s Political Conditionality and Post-Accession Tendencies: Comparisons from Slovakia and Latvia”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 46(2): 365-387.
  • Pridham, Geoffrey (2000). The Dynamics of Democratization: A Comparative Approach, London: Continnuum.
  • Proedrou, Filippos (2010). “Ukraine’s foreign policy: accounting for Ukraine’s indeterminate stance between Russia and the West”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 10(4): 443-456.
  • Shlapentokh, Dmitry (2014). “From Russian to Ukrainian Eurasianism: The New ‘Historical’ Friends and Enemies”, Asian Ethnicity, 14(4): 449-466.
  • SIPRI (2014). “Military Expenditure and Arms Production”, SIPRI Year Book, http://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2014/04, (accessed 14.01.2015).
  • Solonenko, Iryna (2009). “External Democracy Promotion in Ukraine: The Role of the European Union”, Democratization, 16(4): 709-731.
  • Vitkine, Benoit (2014). “Vladimir Putin’s Eurasian Economic Union Gets Ready to Take on the World”, The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/28/eurasian-economic-union-russia-belarus-kazakhstan, (accessed 28.01.2015).
  • World Trade Organization (2014). “Ukraine Profil”, http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFView.aspx?Country=UA&Language=F, (accessed 10.02.2015).
  • Yıldız, Uğur Burç (2015). “Beş Yıl Sonra Avrupa Birliği’nin Doğu Ortaklığı Politikası: Mevcut Durum ve Olasılıklar”, Uğur Burç Yıldız (ed.), Avrupa Birliği’nin Dış İlişkileri: Bölgesel Politikalar, Bölgeler ve Uluslararası Aktörlerle İlişkiler, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara, 2015: 141-162.
  • Zhurzhenko, Tatiana (2005). “Europeanizing the Ukrainian-Russian Border: From EU Enlargement to the Orange Revolution”, Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 13:2: 137-154.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Barış Gürsoy

Sezgin Mercan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürsoy, B., & Mercan, S. (2016). AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(2), 253-269. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.26921
AMA Gürsoy B, Mercan S. AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ. ESAM. Ekim 2016;7(2):253-269. doi:10.18354/esam.26921
Chicago Gürsoy, Barış, ve Sezgin Mercan. “AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ”. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 7, sy. 2 (Ekim 2016): 253-69. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.26921.
EndNote Gürsoy B, Mercan S (01 Ekim 2016) AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 7 2 253–269.
IEEE B. Gürsoy ve S. Mercan, “AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ”, ESAM, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 253–269, 2016, doi: 10.18354/esam.26921.
ISNAD Gürsoy, Barış - Mercan, Sezgin. “AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ”. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 7/2 (Ekim 2016), 253-269. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.26921.
JAMA Gürsoy B, Mercan S. AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ. ESAM. 2016;7:253–269.
MLA Gürsoy, Barış ve Sezgin Mercan. “AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ”. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 253-69, doi:10.18354/esam.26921.
Vancouver Gürsoy B, Mercan S. AVRUPA’NIN KOMŞULARINDA POLİTİKA DEĞİŞİMİ: AVRUPA’YA KARŞI UKRAYNA’NIN DİNAMİKLERİ. ESAM. 2016;7(2):253-69.