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İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya'nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik ve Avrupalılık

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 111 - 130, 31.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.319378

Öz

İtalya 1922 ile 1943 yılları arasında yaşadığı Faşist
dönem sonrasında ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen ertesinde iç ve dış politikasında
yeniden inşa sürecine girmiştir. 1948’de ilk demokratik genel seçimlerini
gerçekleştiren İtalya’nın dış politikasının temel taşlarını Atlantikçilik ve
Avrupalılık adı verilen iki yaklaşım çerçevesinde oluşturmuştur. Böylece İtalya,
NATO, Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu (şimdiki Avrupa Birliği) gibi Batılı güvenlik
kurumlarına dâhil olma ve ABD ile ittifak kurma yoluna gitmiştir. Diğer bir
deyişle İtalya, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Faşist sistemin tüm etkilerinden,
Batı bloğu içinde siyasi, ekonomik ve ideolojik tercihleri sayesinde
kurtulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, E. ve M. N. Barnett (der). (1998). Security Communities. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Andreatta, F. ve C. Hill (2001). Struggling to Change: Italy after the Cold War, içinde: R. Niblett and W. Wallace (der). European Views of the International Order after the Cold War, 242-267. New York: Palgrave.
  • Bonvicini, G. (1990). Regional Reassertion: the Dilemmas of Italy, içinde: C. Hill (der). The Actors in Europe’s Foreign Policy, 91-107. London: Routledge.
  • Brighi, E. (2013). Foreign Policy, Domestic Politics and International Relations: The Case of Italy. New York: Routledge.
  • Burgwyn, H.J. ( 2012). Mussolini Warlord: Failed Dreams of Empire, 1940-1943. New York: Enigma Books.
  • Cassels, A. (1983). Was There a Fascist Foreign Policy? Tradition and Novelty. The International History Review, 5:2, 255-268.
  • Colarizi, S. (2007). Storia Politica della Repubblica, 1943-2006. Roma: Editori Laterza.
  • Cotta, M., P. Isernia ve L. Verzichelli (der). (2005). L’Europa in Italia: Elite, Opinione Pubblica e Decisioni. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  • Croci, O. (2003). Italian Security Policy after the Cold War. Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 8:2, 266-283.
  • Croci, O. (2008). Not a Zero-Sum Game: Atlanticism and Europeanism in Italian Foreign Policy. The International Spectator, 43:4, 137-155.
  • Del Pero, M. (2001). The United States and “Psychological Warfare” in Italy, 1948-1955. The Journal of American History, 87: 4, March, 1304-1334.
  • Ducci, L. S. Luconi ve M. Pretelli (2012). Le Relazioni tra Italia e Stati Uniti: Dal Risorgimento alle Conseguenze dell’11 Settembre. Roma: Carocci.
  • Ferraris, LV. (1996). Manuale della Politica Estera Italiana 1947-1993. Bari: Laterza.
  • Friedrichs, J. (2004). European Approaches to International Relations Theory: A House with Many Mansions. London, New York: Routledge.
  • Gilbert, M. (2004). Surpassing Realism: The Politics of European Integration since 1945. United States of America: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc.
  • Ginsborg, P. (1990). A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943-1988. New York: Palgrave, MacMillian.
  • Ginsborg, P. (2003). Italy and Its Discontents. Family, Civil Society, State: 1980-2001. New York: Palgrave MacMillian.
  • Guilhot, N. (der.) (2011). The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, The Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Harper, J.L. (2000). Italy and the World Since 1945, içinde: P. Mc Carthy (der). Italy Since 1945, 95-106. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Ikenberry, G.J. (2009) Liberal Internationalism 3.0: America and the Dilemmas of Liberal World Order. Perspectives on Politics, 7:1, 71-87.
  • Irving, R.E.M. (1976). Italy’s Christian Democrats and European Integration. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 52: 3, July, 400-416.
  • Jahn, B. (2013). Liberal Internationalism: Theory, History, Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Knight, P. (2003). Mussolini and Fascism. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lorenzini, S. (2007). L’Italia e il Trattato di Pace del 1947. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  • Lyttelton, A. (2002). Liberal and Fascist Italy, 1900-1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mammarella, G. and P. Cacace. (2006). La Politica Estera dell'Italia: Dallo Stato Unitario ai Giorni Nostril. Rome: Laterza.
  • Miranda, V. V. (2011). Striking a Balance Between Norms and Interests in Italian Foreign Policy: The Balkans and Libya. IAI Working Papers, 11, http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1111.pdf (Erişim: 5 Aralık 2016).
  • Nation, R.C. (2011). Intra-Alliance Politics: American-Italian Relations (1946-2010), içinde B. Verbeek ve G. Giacomello (der). Italy’s Foreign Policy in the Twenty First Century: The New Assertiveness of an Aspiring Middle Power, 29-54. United Kingdom: Lexington Books.
  • Neville, P. (2014). Mussolini. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Nuti, L. (2003). The Role of the US in Italy’s Foreign Policy. The International Spectator, 38:1, 91-101.
  • Nuti, L. (2002). Sources for the Study of Italian Foreign Policy, 1861-1999. Cold War History, 2:3, April, 93-110.
  • Posner, A.R. (1977). Italy: Dependence and Political Fragmentation. International Organization, 31:4, 809-838.
  • Quaglia L. (2007). Italy in the European Union: Between Continuity and Change. Southern Europe and the Balkans, 9:2, 133-48. Saragat, G. (1950). Italian Democracy in Crisis. Foreign Affairs, 28 :4, July, 615-622.
  • Sforza, C. (1948). Italy, the Marshall Plan and the “Third Force”. Foreign Affairs, 26 :3, April, 450-456.
  • Simpson, W. ve M. Jones (2015). Europe 1783-1914. London, New York: Routledge.
  • Smith, D.M. (1997). Modern Italy: A Political History. US: University of Michigan Press.
  • Synder, J. (2011). Tensions Within Realism: 1954 and After, içinde: N. Guilhot (der). The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, The Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory, 54-78. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • United Nations Treat Series (1950). https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%2049/v49.pdf (Erişim: 7 Ekim 2016).
  • Varsori, A. (2008). Cold War History in Italy. Cold War History, 8:2, 157-187.
  • Varsori, A. (2015). The Foreign Policy of First Republic Italy: New Approaches. Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 20: 3, 292-297.
  • Venedik Deklarasyonu 13 Haziran 1980. http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/mepp/docs/venice_declaration_1980_en.pdf (Erişim: 4 Ocak 2017).
  • Vercelli, C.R. (2000). Il Federalismo Organizzato in Italia Sino al "Nuovo Corso" della Politica Federalista, içinde: A. Varsori. (der.) L'Italia e il Processo d’Integrazione Europea: Prospettive di Ricerca e Revisione Storiografica, 151-178. Firenze: Il Maestrale.
  • Vigezzi, B. (1992). Italy and the Problems of “Power Politcs”- From the EDC Failure to the Suez Crisis, içinde: E. Di Nolfo (der). Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy and the Origins of the EEC, 1952-1957, 101-129. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Winrow, G.M. (2000). Dialogue with the Mediterranean: The Role of NATO’s Mediterranean Initiative. New York: Garland Publishing Inc..
  • Zamagni, V. (1998). The Economic History of Italy 1860-1990: Recovery After Decline. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Italy's Foreign Policy in the Post-Second World War Era (1948-1990): Atlanticism and Europeanism

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 111 - 130, 31.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.319378

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adler, E. ve M. N. Barnett (der). (1998). Security Communities. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Andreatta, F. ve C. Hill (2001). Struggling to Change: Italy after the Cold War, içinde: R. Niblett and W. Wallace (der). European Views of the International Order after the Cold War, 242-267. New York: Palgrave.
  • Bonvicini, G. (1990). Regional Reassertion: the Dilemmas of Italy, içinde: C. Hill (der). The Actors in Europe’s Foreign Policy, 91-107. London: Routledge.
  • Brighi, E. (2013). Foreign Policy, Domestic Politics and International Relations: The Case of Italy. New York: Routledge.
  • Burgwyn, H.J. ( 2012). Mussolini Warlord: Failed Dreams of Empire, 1940-1943. New York: Enigma Books.
  • Cassels, A. (1983). Was There a Fascist Foreign Policy? Tradition and Novelty. The International History Review, 5:2, 255-268.
  • Colarizi, S. (2007). Storia Politica della Repubblica, 1943-2006. Roma: Editori Laterza.
  • Cotta, M., P. Isernia ve L. Verzichelli (der). (2005). L’Europa in Italia: Elite, Opinione Pubblica e Decisioni. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  • Croci, O. (2003). Italian Security Policy after the Cold War. Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 8:2, 266-283.
  • Croci, O. (2008). Not a Zero-Sum Game: Atlanticism and Europeanism in Italian Foreign Policy. The International Spectator, 43:4, 137-155.
  • Del Pero, M. (2001). The United States and “Psychological Warfare” in Italy, 1948-1955. The Journal of American History, 87: 4, March, 1304-1334.
  • Ducci, L. S. Luconi ve M. Pretelli (2012). Le Relazioni tra Italia e Stati Uniti: Dal Risorgimento alle Conseguenze dell’11 Settembre. Roma: Carocci.
  • Ferraris, LV. (1996). Manuale della Politica Estera Italiana 1947-1993. Bari: Laterza.
  • Friedrichs, J. (2004). European Approaches to International Relations Theory: A House with Many Mansions. London, New York: Routledge.
  • Gilbert, M. (2004). Surpassing Realism: The Politics of European Integration since 1945. United States of America: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc.
  • Ginsborg, P. (1990). A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943-1988. New York: Palgrave, MacMillian.
  • Ginsborg, P. (2003). Italy and Its Discontents. Family, Civil Society, State: 1980-2001. New York: Palgrave MacMillian.
  • Guilhot, N. (der.) (2011). The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, The Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Harper, J.L. (2000). Italy and the World Since 1945, içinde: P. Mc Carthy (der). Italy Since 1945, 95-106. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Ikenberry, G.J. (2009) Liberal Internationalism 3.0: America and the Dilemmas of Liberal World Order. Perspectives on Politics, 7:1, 71-87.
  • Irving, R.E.M. (1976). Italy’s Christian Democrats and European Integration. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 52: 3, July, 400-416.
  • Jahn, B. (2013). Liberal Internationalism: Theory, History, Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Knight, P. (2003). Mussolini and Fascism. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Lorenzini, S. (2007). L’Italia e il Trattato di Pace del 1947. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  • Lyttelton, A. (2002). Liberal and Fascist Italy, 1900-1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mammarella, G. and P. Cacace. (2006). La Politica Estera dell'Italia: Dallo Stato Unitario ai Giorni Nostril. Rome: Laterza.
  • Miranda, V. V. (2011). Striking a Balance Between Norms and Interests in Italian Foreign Policy: The Balkans and Libya. IAI Working Papers, 11, http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1111.pdf (Erişim: 5 Aralık 2016).
  • Nation, R.C. (2011). Intra-Alliance Politics: American-Italian Relations (1946-2010), içinde B. Verbeek ve G. Giacomello (der). Italy’s Foreign Policy in the Twenty First Century: The New Assertiveness of an Aspiring Middle Power, 29-54. United Kingdom: Lexington Books.
  • Neville, P. (2014). Mussolini. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Nuti, L. (2003). The Role of the US in Italy’s Foreign Policy. The International Spectator, 38:1, 91-101.
  • Nuti, L. (2002). Sources for the Study of Italian Foreign Policy, 1861-1999. Cold War History, 2:3, April, 93-110.
  • Posner, A.R. (1977). Italy: Dependence and Political Fragmentation. International Organization, 31:4, 809-838.
  • Quaglia L. (2007). Italy in the European Union: Between Continuity and Change. Southern Europe and the Balkans, 9:2, 133-48. Saragat, G. (1950). Italian Democracy in Crisis. Foreign Affairs, 28 :4, July, 615-622.
  • Sforza, C. (1948). Italy, the Marshall Plan and the “Third Force”. Foreign Affairs, 26 :3, April, 450-456.
  • Simpson, W. ve M. Jones (2015). Europe 1783-1914. London, New York: Routledge.
  • Smith, D.M. (1997). Modern Italy: A Political History. US: University of Michigan Press.
  • Synder, J. (2011). Tensions Within Realism: 1954 and After, içinde: N. Guilhot (der). The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, The Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory, 54-78. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • United Nations Treat Series (1950). https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%2049/v49.pdf (Erişim: 7 Ekim 2016).
  • Varsori, A. (2008). Cold War History in Italy. Cold War History, 8:2, 157-187.
  • Varsori, A. (2015). The Foreign Policy of First Republic Italy: New Approaches. Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 20: 3, 292-297.
  • Venedik Deklarasyonu 13 Haziran 1980. http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/mepp/docs/venice_declaration_1980_en.pdf (Erişim: 4 Ocak 2017).
  • Vercelli, C.R. (2000). Il Federalismo Organizzato in Italia Sino al "Nuovo Corso" della Politica Federalista, içinde: A. Varsori. (der.) L'Italia e il Processo d’Integrazione Europea: Prospettive di Ricerca e Revisione Storiografica, 151-178. Firenze: Il Maestrale.
  • Vigezzi, B. (1992). Italy and the Problems of “Power Politcs”- From the EDC Failure to the Suez Crisis, içinde: E. Di Nolfo (der). Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy and the Origins of the EEC, 1952-1957, 101-129. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Winrow, G.M. (2000). Dialogue with the Mediterranean: The Role of NATO’s Mediterranean Initiative. New York: Garland Publishing Inc..
  • Zamagni, V. (1998). The Economic History of Italy 1860-1990: Recovery After Decline. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökçen Yavaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavaş, G. (2017). İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik ve Avrupalılık. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.319378
AMA Yavaş G. İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik ve Avrupalılık. ESAM. Temmuz 2017;8(2):111-130. doi:10.18354/esam.319378
Chicago Yavaş, Gökçen. “İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik Ve Avrupalılık”. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2017): 111-30. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.319378.
EndNote Yavaş G (01 Temmuz 2017) İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik ve Avrupalılık. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 2 111–130.
IEEE G. Yavaş, “İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik ve Avrupalılık”, ESAM, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 111–130, 2017, doi: 10.18354/esam.319378.
ISNAD Yavaş, Gökçen. “İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik Ve Avrupalılık”. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/2 (Temmuz 2017), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.319378.
JAMA Yavaş G. İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik ve Avrupalılık. ESAM. 2017;8:111–130.
MLA Yavaş, Gökçen. “İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik Ve Avrupalılık”. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 111-30, doi:10.18354/esam.319378.
Vancouver Yavaş G. İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası İtalya’nın Dış Politikası (1948 1992): Atlantikçilik ve Avrupalılık. ESAM. 2017;8(2):111-30.