1950S-1970S: MAT URBAN AND TURKISH ARCHITECTURE

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 97 - 107, 30.06.2023

Arzu İrem Mollaahmetoğlu

Öz

Grid means the guiding infrastructure of controlled formation. The modular grid allows modular coordination, and the use of modules can be seen as the foundation of "Formal Rationalism". We can trace this concept of form even in world’s deep cultural history. In the first half of the 1600s, Nicolaus Goldman's development of design proposals over grid in architecture should probably be considered as a result of the intellectual rationalization of the day. In the Modern Architecture Movement, the grid, which is a rational solution tool, has started to make room for itself once more. During sixties this grid-based scheme was soon applied by Schadrach Woods at the Free University of Berlin (1963), and University College Dublin (1964) which both have no urban context. Later university planning became a new stage for developing the idea of ‘grid-based mat-urban’ among architects world-wide. On the other hand, Anatolia, where Turkey stands today has rich historical architectural developments which can be seen as early samples of grid-mat architectures. Upon these heritage Modern Turkish architects contributed the development of modernist grid and mat architectures of the world by producing some very early examples. Here we want to introduce two of them from 1950s and 1970s in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grid, Mat, Modern, Turkish Architecture.

Kaynakça

• Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Existence, space & architecture. London: Studio Vista, 1971.
• Broadbent, Geoffrey. Design in Architecture: Architecture and the Human Sciences. London: John Wiley & Sons, 1973.
• Cook, P.eter. Architecture: Action and Plan. London: Studio Vista, 1967.
• Goudeau Jeroen. “The Matrix Regained: Reflections on the Use of the Grid in the Architectural Theories of Nicolaus Goldmann and Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand.” Architectural Histories, 3(1), p.Art. 9 (18 May 2015) https://journal.eahn.org/articles/10.5334/ah.cl/
• Durand, Jean-Nicolaus-Louis. Précis of the lectures on architecture: with, Graphic portion of the lectures on architecture. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2000.
• Smithson, Alison. Team 10 Primer. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1968.
• Colquhoun, Alan. Modern Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
• Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture: a Critical History. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.
• Hertzberger, Herman. Aldo van Eyck: Hubertushuis = Aldo van Eyck: Hubertus house. Amsterdam: Stichting Wonen/Van Loghum Slaterus, 1987.
• Doxiadis, Constantinos Apostolou. Ekistics: An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.
• Wood, Shadrach. “The Educational Bazaar.” Harvard Educational Review: Architecture and Education Vol.39, No.4 (1969).
• Frampton, Kenneth. Labour, Work and Architecture. London: Phaidon, 2002.
• Maki, Fumihiko. Investigations in collective form. St. Louis: School of Architecture, Washington University, 1964.
• Le Corbusier. Urbanisme. Paris: Editions G. Crès, 1924.
• Othaka Masato., Maki, Fumihiko. “Toward Group Form.” in Architecture Culture 1943-1968: A Documentary Anthology. ed. Joan Ockman. New York: Rizzoli, 2005.