TÜRKİYE'DE BİR HALK PAZARINDAN ÖRNEKLENEN ÇİPURALARDAKİ (Sparus aurata) AĞIR METALLERİN SAĞLIK RİSK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt 12, Sayı 1, 30 - 41, 30.01.2023

Burcu YEŞİLBUDAK

https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.1199123

Öz

Halk pazarından elde edilen deniz ürünlerindeki ağır metal düzeylerinin düzenli olarak değerlendirilmesinde halk sağlığı ile ilgili veriler yetersizdir. Bu çalışmada, piyasada bulunan çipura (Sparus aurata) dokularındaki esansiyel (bakır, çinko) ve esansiyel olmayan metallerin (kadmiyum, kurşun) düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla halk pazarından çipura örnekleri toplanmıştır. Daha sonra, dissekte edilen solungaç, karaciğer, böbrek ve kas dokularında bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn), kadmiyum (Cd) ve kurşun (Pb) metal birikim düzeyleri endüktif olarak eşleştirilmiş plazma kütle spektrometrisi (ICP-MS) ile elde edildi. Balığın halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturup oluşturmadığını anlamak için kas dokusu için risk değerlendirme formülasyonları (tahmini günlük alım miktarı: EDI, tehlike katsayıları: HQ, tehlike indeksi: HI) hesaplandı. Veriler, Zn, Cd ve Pb derişimlerinin S. aurata'nın böbrek dokusunda ve Cu derişiminin karaciğer dokusunda maximum değerleri aldığını gösterirken, minimum ağır metal düzeylerinin ise kas dokusunda olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak çipuranın yenebilir dokusundaki maksimum ağır metal düzeyleri 0.11 mg Cu/kg yaş ağırlık, 0.72 mg Zn/kg yaş ağırlık, 0.12 mg Cd/kg yaş ağırlık ve 0.34 mg Pb/kg yaş ağırlık olarak bulunmuştur. Bunların maksimum değerleri, uluslararası EDI tahmin komiteleri tarafından belirlenen ve izin verilen tolere edilebilir düzeyler altında olduğu için herhangi bir sağlık riski taşımamaktadır. İncelenen HQ ve HI göstergeleri tüm mevsimlerde 1'in altında gözlenmiştir. Ancak ağır metal alımının potansiyel riskler oluşturması her zaman mümkündür. Bu nedenle çalışmanın sonuçlarının farklı açılardan yorumlanması ve diğer bilim insanları tarafından dikkate alınması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sparus aurata,, Ağır metaller,, Birikim,, Sağlık risk değerlendirmesi, Türkiye

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SEABREAM (Sparus aurata) SAMPLED FROM A PUBLIC MARKET IN TÜRKİYE

Öz

There is a dearth of data about public health in the regular evaluation of heavy metal levels in seafood obtained from public market. This study aimed to examine the levels of essential (copper, zinc) and nonessential metals (cadmium, lead) in the tissues of cultured seabream (Sparus aurata), which was in public market. For this purpose, seabream samples were collected from the public market. And then, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) metal accumulation levels in tissues of the dissected gill, liver, kidney, and muscle were obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In order to understand whether the fish posed a risk to public health, risk evaluation formulations (estimated daily intake: EDI, hazard coefficients: HQ, hazard index: HI) were calculated for the muscle tissue. The data showed that Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations were maximal in the kidney tissue of S. aurata and Cu concentration were in the liver tissue, while the minimum heavy metal levels were in the muscle tissue. As a result, the maximum levels of heavy metals in the edible tissue of seabream were found as 0.11 mg Cu/kg wet weight, 0.72 mg Zn/kg wet weight, 0.12 mg Cd/kg wet weight, and 0.34 mg Pb/kg wet weight. Maximum values of them do not indicate any health risks as they are lower than the allowable tolerable levels specified by the international EDI estimation committees. The examined HQ and HI indicators were observed below 1 in all seasons. However, it is always possible for heavy metal intake to pose potential risks. For this reason, it is essential that the results of the study be interpreted from different perspectives and taken into consideration by other scientists.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sparus aurata, Heavy metals, Accumulation, Health risk assesment, Türkiye

Kaynakça

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