Determination of Tolerance to Scab Disease in Apple Genotypes of Malus kirghisorum Species using Molecular Markers

Abstract

Central Asia is one of the homeland regions of apples and has a large variation. Kyrgyzstan is one of the prominent genetic resources regions of apple in Central Asia. The country has a significant natural population of apples, as well as other fruit species. Some apple species specific to the region are also included in these populations. One of these species is Malus kirghisorum. It has been stated that natural apple populations can be a genetic source for issues such as tolerance to stress factors and fruit parameters. However, it is reported that there are losses in these materials and there is a risk of losing this rich diversity. One of the important problems encountered in apple production is diseases. Among these, the most problematic disease for apples is scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.). The best solution against the disease is the development and use of resistant apple cultivars. In this context, for developing scab-resistant cultivars, it is necessary to have disease-resistant parents. In this study, the tolerance to black spot of M. kirghisorum genotypes originating from Kyrgyzstan was examined using molecular markers. A total of 12 markers associated with eight scab resistance genes were studied. Between 2 and 8 bands of these markers were obtained in the genotypes. The study reveals a high level of variation in scab tolerance among M. kirghisorum genotypes. The results provided prominent information about the disease tolerance of genotypes in this species and their potential to be used as breeding material.

Keywords

• Biotic stress
• Malus
• Central Asia
• Venturia inaequalis

Malus kirghisorum Türüne Ait Elma Genotiplerinde Karaleke Hastalığına Toleransın Moleküler Markırlar ile Belirlenmesi

Öz

Orta Asya elmanın anavatan bölgelerinden biri olup geniş bir varyasyona sahiptir. Kırgızistan elmanın Orta Asya'daki önemli genetik kaynak bölgelerinden biridir. Ülkede diğer meyve türlerinin yanı sıra önemli miktarda doğal elma popülasyonu bulunmaktadır. Bu popülasyonlar içerisinde bölgeye has bazı elma türleri de ter almaktadır. Bu türlerden biri de, Malus kirghisorum’dur. Doğal elma popülasyonlarının stres faktörlerine dayanıklılık, meyve özellikleri vb. gibi konular için genetik kaynak olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Ancak bu materyallerde kayıpların olduğu ve bu zengin çeşitliliğin kaybolma tehlikesi olduğu bildirilmektedir. Elma üretiminde karşılaşılan önemli problemlerden biri hastalıklardır. Bunlar içinde elma için en fazla problem olan karaleke (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.) hastalığıdır. Hastalığa karşı en iyi çözüm, dayanıklı elma çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi ve kullanılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda karalekeye dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi için, hastalığa dayanıklı ebeveynlerin olması gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, Kırgızistan orijinli M. kirghisorum genotiplerinin moleküler markırlar ile, karalekeye toelranslık durumları incelenmiştir. Sekiz karaleke dayanıklılık geni ile ilişkili toplam 12 adet markırla çalışılmıştır. Genotiplerde, bu markırlardan 2 ile 8 arasında bant elde edilmiştir. Çalışma, M. kirghisorum genotipleri arasında karaleke toleransı bakımından yüksek düzeyde bir varyasyon olduğunu ortay koymaktadır. Ortaya konulan sonuçlar, bu türdeki genotiplerin hastalık toleransları ve muhtemel ıslah materyali olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelleri konusunda bilgi vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biotic stress
• Malus
• Central Asia
• Venturia inaequalis

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