Büyük Akgöl’deki Su Kirliliğinin Scardinius erythrophthalmus ve Perca fluviatilis Türleri Üzerindeki Genotoksik Etki Potansiyelinin Araştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, Sakarya ili sınırları içerisinde yer alan Büyük Akgöl’de yaşayan omnivor tür Scardinius erythrophthalmus ile karnivor tür Perca fluviatilis üzerinde ağır metal birikimi ve buna bağlı genotoksik etkileri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, balıklardan alınan periferik kan örneklerinde mikronükleus (MN) ve eritrosit çekirdek anormallikleri yöntemleri kullanılarak genotoksik etki potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, kas dokusunda biriken Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cr ve Hg gibi ağır metallerin düzeyleri analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, çevresel kirleticilerin etkilerini yansıtan önemli düzeyde genotoksik yanıtlar her iki türde de gözlemlenmiştir. S. erythrophthalmus bireylerinde MN oranı %16’ya kadar artış gösterirken, P. fluviatilis bireylerinde bu oran %1,80 seviyesinde kalmıştır. Ayrıca, çekirdek anormalliklerinin sıklığı da türler arasında farklılık göstermiştir. Ağır metal analizlerinde, her iki türün kas dokusunda Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Al ve Cr gibi metallerin yüksek düzeylerde biriktiği belirlenmiş, ancak bu değerlerin çoğu referans sınırlar arasında ya da altında kalmıştır. Bu bulgular, Büyük Akgöl’deki kirliliğin balıklar üzerinde genetik düzeyde biyolojik etkiler yarattığını ve ağır metallerin balık sağlığı açısından potansiyel riskler oluşturabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Büyük Akgöl çevresindeki tarım arazilerinde tarımsal kimyasal kullanımı sınırlandırılmalı ve evsel ile endüstriyel atıklar etkin şekilde kontrol altına alınmalıdır. Ağır metallerin neden olduğu genotoksik etkilerin izlenebilmesi için P. fluviatilis ve S. erythrophthalmus gibi farklı trofik düzeylerdeki türler üzerinde mevsimsel ve uzun vadeli biyomonitoring çalışmaları yürütülmelidir. Ayrıca, balıklarda biriken metallerin planktondan yırtıcı balıklara kadar besin zinciri boyunca taşınabileceği göz önünde bulundurularak, ekosistem temelli koruma stratejileri geliştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genotoksisite
• kızılkanat balığı
• tatlısu levreği
• su kirliliği

Investigation of Genotoxic Effect Potential of Water Pollution in Büyük Akgöl on Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Perca fluviatilis

Öz

This study aims to evaluate heavy metal accumulation and related genotoxic effects on two species, the omnivorous Scardinius erythrophthalmus and the carnivorous Perca fluviatilis, living in Büyük Akgöl within the borders of Sakarya province. In this context, the genotoxic effect potential was evaluated using micronucleus (MN) and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities methods in peripheral blood samples taken from fish. In addition, the levels of heavy metals such as Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cr and Hg in muscle tissues were analyzed. According to the findings, significant genotoxic responses reflecting the effects of environmental pollutants were observed in both species. While the MN rate increased up to 16% in S. erythrophthalmus individuals, this rate remained at 1.80% in P. fluviatilis. In addition, nuclear abnormality frequencies also differed among species. In heavy metal analyses, it was determined that metals such as Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Al and Cr accumulated at high levels in muscle tissue in both species and these values were found to be between or below reference values. These findings reveal that pollution in Büyük Akgöl creates biological effects at the genetic level and that heavy metals may pose potential risks to fish health. In this context, it is recommended that agricultural chemical use be limited in agricultural lands around Büyük Akgöl and that domestic and industrial wastes be effectively controlled. Long-term, seasonal biomonitoring studies should be conducted on species at different trophic levels, such as P. fluviatilis.and S. erythrophthalmus, in order to monitor genotoxic effects caused by heavy metals. In addition, considering that metals accumulated in fish can be transferred along the food chain from plankton to predatory fish, ecosystem-based protection strategies should be developed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genotoxicity
• rudd
• freshwater perch
• water pollution

Kaynakça

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