ARGÜMANTATİF YAKLAŞIMLA DİJİTAL YERLİLER VE DİJİTAL GÖÇMENLERİ TARTIŞMAK

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 14, 134 - 155, 30.12.2020

Işıl Tombul

Öz

Marc Prensky, 2000'lerin başında dijital yerliler ve dijital göçmenler metaforlarını ortaya ilk attığında neredeyse iki on yılı bulacak bir tartışmayı da başlatmıştır. Prensky genellikle aşırı genellemeler yapmak, ampirik verilere dayanmamak ve tekno-determinist davranmakla eleştirilmiştir. 2000'lerin sonuna gelindiğinde, birçok tartışma ve eleştiriden sonra, Prensky yeni makaleler yayınlayarak bulduğu metaforlara yeni açıklamalar getirmiştir. Bu tartışmalar, argümantasyon kuramına uygun bir rasyonalite içinde ilerlemiştir. Modern rasyonel düşüncenin hipotetik tartışmasını sağlayan argümantasyon, tezin iyileştirilmesini sağlayan rasyonel bir konuşma biçimidir. Bu bağlamda Jürgen Habermas ve Stephen Toulmin'in argümantasyon modeli yol gösterici olmuştur. Dijital yerliler ve dijital göçmenlerle ilgili tartışmalar; iddialar, dayanaklar, gerekçeler, destekleyiciler, çürütücüler, sınırlayıcılar ile argümantatif bir ilerleme içindedir. Prensky yaklaşık on yıl sonra bu tartışmaları değerlendirici bir yazı yazmış ve dijital bilgelik metaforunu önermiştir. Bu çalışma, dijital medya alanında süren bir tartışma dönemini argümantatif bir yaklaşımla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, dijital yerli ve göçmen metaforlarının nasıl kullanıldığını, ne olduğunu, ne olmadığını yapılan tartışmalar üzerinden inceler ve bu konudaki ampirik verileri değerlendirir. Dijital yerliler fenomeni ülkelere, kültürlere, ekonomik şartlara, bireylere göre değişmektedir. Ancak dijital yerliler, destekleyenlerin zannettikleri kadar yaratıcı bir fenomen olarak karşımıza çıkmamaktadır. Diğer yandan dijital yerliler ve dijital göçmenler fenomenleri çok eleştirilmiş olsa da literatürde çok kullanılan bir metafor hâline gelmişlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dijital yerliler, dijital göçmenler, dijital bilgelik, kuşaklar, teknoloji

Kaynakça

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