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Öz

With recent developments in and studies of language teaching, the listening skill – once believed to be a passive skill - is today discovered to be an ‘interactive’ process in which the concept of background knowledge plays a very significant role. This background knowledge known as ‘schematic knowledge’ is today broadly acknowledged in second or foreign language teaching and a number of studies have been conducted to reveal the importance of schemata in both reading and listening comprehension. The schema theory does not have only one definition. It can be investigated under three main concepts: Linguistic schemata, formal schemata, and content schemata. These concepts are very closely related to learners’ listening comprehension in the acquisition of the second language. This paper not only reviews the significance of schema, a term that refers to background knowledge in listening comprehension, but also demonstrates how it facilitates and positively affects the process of understanding spoken discourse.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Schema theory, background knowledge, listening, listening comprehension

A Schematic Approach To Teaching Listening Comprehension 76

Öz

Bir zamanlar edilgen bir beceri olduğuna inanılan dinleme becerisinin, son zamanlardaki gelişmeler ve araştırmalarla içinde artalan bilgisi kavramının önemli rol oynadığı ‘etkileşimli’ bir süreç olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. ‘Şematik bilgi’ olarak da adlandırılan artalan bilgisinin önemi günümüzde ikinci ya da yabancı dil öğretiminde geniş bir biçimde onaylanmış ve şema’nın hem okuduğunu hem de dinlediğini anlamadaki önemini ortaya çıkarmak için pek çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Şema kuramının tek bir tanımı yoktur. Bu kuram üç ana kavram altında incelenebilir: Dilsel şema, biçimsel şema ve içeriksel şema. Bu kavramlar, ikinci dil ediniminde öğrenenlerin dinlediğini anlamasıyla çok yakından bağlantılıdır. Bu makale artalan bilgisini gösteren şema teriminin dinlediğini anlamadaki önemini gözden geçirmenin yanında sözlü söylemi anlama sürecini nasıl kolaylaştırdığını ve olumlu bir biçimde etkilediğini de göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Şema kuramı, artalan bilgisi, dinleme, dinlediğini anlama.

Kaynakça

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57. Hasan Bilokcuoğlu, B.A. the European University of Lefke & M.A. the European University of Lefke, and PhD in ELT in progress, is currently working at the European University of Lefke. He is deeply interested in the applications of the schemata theory onto reading comprehension. Additionally, he is interested in the effects of cultural schemata and reading comprehension, and English for Specific Purposes. Lisans ve yüksek lisansını Lefke Avrupa Üniversitesi’nde tamamlayan ve İngiliz Dili ve Eğitimi üzerine doktora yapmakta olan Hasan Bilokcuoğlu, şu anda Lefke Avrupa Üniversitesi’nde çalışmaktadır. Şema teorisinin okuduğunu anlama üzerine olan etkileri konusundaki uygulamalarla ilgilenmektedir. Ayrıca, kültürel şemanın okuduğunu anlamaya etkileri ve servis İngilizcesi konularıyla ilgilenmektedir.