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Süt inekleri için hazırlanan kombine mastitis aşılarının farelerde etkinliğinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 163 - 170, 01.09.2013

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı bakteriyel mastitis (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis ve Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes) etkenlerine karşı kombine aşı geliştirilmesi, farelerde aşılamanın humoral bağışıklık üzerine etkinliğinin ve çelınç denemelerine karşı hastalık ve ölüm oranlarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Süt ineklerinde klinik ve subklinik mastitislerden izole edilen Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis ve Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes suşlarından iki farklı kombine mastitis aşısı (Ginseng ekstraklı, alüminyum hidroksit jelli veya mineral yağlı) hazırlandı. Gebe fareler, doğumdan önce 5 gün aralıkla 2 kez alüminyum hidroksitli veya mineral yağlı kombine mastitis aşıları ile aşılandı. Kan örnekleri doğumdan sonra 10. gün alındı. Her bir bakteriyel etken için ELISA kitleri hazırlandı ve antikor titreleri ELISA ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Aşılanan farelerin tümünün serumlarında her bir etken için antikor titreleri kontrollere göre oldukça yüksekti. Doğumdan 20 gün sonra, çelınç denemeleri için canlı patojen S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Str. agalactiae, C. bovis ve T. pyogenes etkenleri farelere verildi. Fareler 20 gün boyunca hastalık oluşumu ve ölüm yönünden gözlendi. Aşılanmış fare gruplarının hiçbirinde hastalık ve ölüm şekillenmedi. Öneri: Mastitise sebep olan farklı bakteriyel etkenlerden hazırlanan kombine mastitis aşılarının farelerde etkili olduğu bulundu.

Kaynakça

  • Alaçam E, Tekeli T, Erganiş O, İzgi C, 1989. İnek ve mandalarda subklinik mastitislerin tanısı, etkenlerin izolasyonu vebunlara karşı etkili antibiyotiklerin belirlenmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 5, 81-91.
  • Annemüller C, Lammler C, Zschock M, 1999. Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. Vet Microbiol, 69, 217-224.
  • Ateş M, Erganiş O, Çorlu M, Serpek B, 1991. Konya yöresindeki mastitisli ineklerden elde edilen süt örneklerinin mikrobiyel florası ve LDH aktivitesi. Doğa. Tr Vet Animal Sci, 47, 152-157.
  • Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Zadoks RN, 2006. Invited review: The role of cow, pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J Dairy Sci, 89, 1877-1895.
  • Buzzola FR, Barbagelata MS, Caccuri RL, Sordelli DO, 2006. Attenuation and persistence of and ability to induce protective immunity to a Staphylococcus aureus aroA mutant in mice. Infect Immun, 74, 3498-3506.
  • Calzolari A, Giraudo JA, Rampone H, Odiern L, Giraudo AT, et al., 1997. Field trials of a vaccine against bovine mastitis. 1. Evaluation in two commercial dairy herds. J Dairy Sci, 80, 854-858.
  • Degraves FJ, Fetrow J, 1993. Economics of mastitis and mastitis control. Vet Clin North Am Food Animal Pract, 9, 421- 434.
  • Devriese LA, Hommez J, Laeven H, Pot B,Vandamme P, Haesebrouck F, 1999. Identification of aesculin-hidrolyzing streptococci, lactococci, aerococci and enterococci from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows. Vet Microbiol, 70, 87-94.
  • Dinç DA, Erganiş O, Acet A, Deme Ö, Traş B, Baş AL, 1992. Tardomyocel-L ile tedavi edilen subklinik mastitisli inek sütlerinde penisilin ve kloramfenikol kalıntılarının tespiti. Veterinarium, 3, 21-25.
  • Duijkeren EV, Box ATA, Heck MEOC, Wanner WJB, Fluit AC, 2004. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from animals. Vet Microbiol, 103, 91-97.
  • Erganiş O, Kaya O, Kuyucuoğlu Y, 1993. İnek mastitislerine sebep olan mikroorganizmalar ve antibiyotiklere duyarlı- lıkları. Türk Vet Hek Bir Derg, 5, 49-50.
  • Erganiş O, Kuyucuoğlu Y, Ok Ü 1995. İnek ve koyun mastitislerine sebep olan koagulaz negatif ve pozitif stafilokokların biyotiplendirilmesi. Veterinarium, 6, 23-27.
  • Fox LK, Gay JM, 1993. Contagious mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 9, 475-487.
  • Gonzales RN, Cullor JS, Jasper DE, Farver TB, Bushnell RB, Oliver MN, 1989. Prevention of clinical coliform mastitis in dairy cows by a mutant Escherichia coli vaccine. Can J Vet Res, 53, 301-305.
  • Guidry AJ, Oliver SP, Sguiggums KS, Erke EF, Dowlen HH, Hambleton CN, Berming M, 1991. Effect of anticapsular antibodies on neutrophil phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3360-3369.
  • Guler L, Ok U, Gunduz K, Gulcu Y, Hadimli HH, 2005. Antimicrobial susceptibility and coagulase gene typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis cases in Turkey. J Dairy Sci, 88, 3149-3154.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, 2001. Süt ineklerinde stafilokokkal mastitisler için aşı çalışmaları. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 17, 9-19.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Kav K, Sayın Z, 2005. Evaluation of a combined vaccine against staphylococcal mastitis in ewes. Bulletin Vet Res Ins Pulawy, 49, 165-167.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Kav K, Sayın Z, 2006. Mastitisli inek sütlerinden izole edilen Corynebacterium türleri ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 22, 15-19.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Kav K, Sayın Z, 2010. Koyun ve sı- ğır örneklerinden Arcanobacterium pyogenes izolasyonu ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile identifikasyonu. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 611-616.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Kav K, Sayın Z, Sakmanoğlu A, Pınarkara Y, 2011. Determination of pathgenicity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in mice. 3th East Mediterranean ICLAS Symposium & XV. ICLAS Genaral Assembly, June 13-15, pp 71, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Sayın Z, Yıldırım B, 2007. Fare ve koyunlarda ginseng katılmış inaktif Salmonella Typhimurium aşılarının etkinliği. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 23, 17-24.
  • Hadimli HH, Sayın Z, Pınarkara Y, Sakmanoğlu A, Temimhan MS, Erganiş O, 2012. Farelerde inaktif Arcanonbacterium pyogenes aşılarının etkinliği. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 28, 133- 137.
  • Hommez J, Devriese LA, Vaneechoutte M, Riegel P, Butaye P, Haesebrouck F, 1999. Identification of nonlipophilic Corynebacteria isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. J Clin Microbiol, 37, 954-957.
  • Honkonen-Buzalski T, Anderson JC, Bramley AS, 1985. The virulence of strains of Corynebacterium bovis in the mammary gland of the mouse and the effect of bacterial mastitis on subsequent infection with Staphylococcus aureus. British Vet J, 141, 519-528.
  • Hu S, Concha C, Lin F, Waller KP, 2003. Adjuvant effect of ginseng extract on the immune responses to immunisation against Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 91, 29-37.
  • Huxley JN, Gren MJ, Bradley AJ, 2003. Corynebacterium bovisFriend or Foe? Proceedings of the British Mastitis Conference, Garstang, p: 23-34.
  • Jones TO, 1993. Bovine mastitis bacteriology: Problems and pitfalls. Cattle Practice, 4, 55-57.
  • Jost BH, Billington SJ, 2005. Arcanobacterium pyogenes: Molecular pathogenesis of an animal opportunist. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 88, 87-102.
  • Karahan M, Çetinkaya B, 2004. Subklinik sığır mastitislerinden izole edilen koagulaz pozitif Staphylococcus aureus suşlarının moleküler tiplendirilmesi. VI. Ulusal Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 14-16 Eylül, Elazığ.
  • Leitner G, Krifucks O, 2007. Pseudomonas aeruginosa masti-tis outbreaks in sheep and goat flocks: Antibody production and vaccination in a mouse model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 119, 198-203.
  • Leitner G, Krifucks O, Glickman A, Younis A, Saran A, 2003a. Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis: Virulence, antibody production and protection from challenge in a mouse model. FEMS Immun. Med Microbiol, 35, 99-106.
  • Leitner G, Lubashevsy E, Trainin Z, 2003b. Staphylococcus aureus vaccine against mastitis in dairy cows, composition and evaluation of its immunogenicity in a mouse model. Vet Immun Immunpathol, 93, 159-167.
  • Lipman LJA, Nijs A, Lam TJGM, Rost JA, Dijk LV, Schukken YH, Gaastra W, 1996. Genotyping by PCR, of Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated from mammary gland of cows. Vet Microbiol, 48, 51-55.
  • Meiri-Bendek I, Lipkin A, Friedmann A, 2001. A PCR-based method for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk. J Dairy Sci, 85, 1717-1723.
  • Merl K, Abdulmawjood A, Lammmler C, Zschock M, 2003. Determination of epidemiological relationship of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis. FEMS Microbiol. Letters, 226, 87-92.
  • Nickerson SC, Owens WE, Boddie RL, 1993. Effect of a Staphylococcus aureus bacterin on serum antibody, new infection and mammary histology in nonlactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 76, 1290-1297.
  • Nizamlıoğlu M, Tekeli T, Erganiş O, Başpinar N, 1989. İneklerde subklinik mastitislerin biyokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik yönden incelenmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 5, 135-143.
  • Nyman AK, 2007. Epidemiological Studies of Risk Factors for Bovine Mastitis, Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
  • Pengov A, 2001 The role of coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. and associated somatic cell counts in the ovine mammary gland. J Dairy Res, 84, 572-574.
  • Pereira UP, Oliveria DGS, Mesquita LR, Costa GM, Pereira LJ, 2011. Efficacy of S. aureus vaccines for bovine mastitis: A systematic review. Vet Microbiol, 148, 117-124.
  • Philpot WN, 1984. Economics of mastitis control. Symposium of Bovine Mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Large Anim Prac, 6, 233-245.
  • Philpot WN, Nickerson SC, 1991. Mastitis: Counter attack, Babson Bros Co. 1880, Country Farm Driv, Naperville, Illinois 60563, USA.
  • Pyölara S, Taponen, S, 2009. Coagulase-negative staphylococci-Emerging mastitis pathogens. Vet Microbiol, 134, 3-8.
  • Raimundo O, Deighton M, Capstick J, Gerraty N, 1999. Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus of bovine origin by polymophisms of the coagulase gene. Vet Microbiol, 66, 275-284.
  • Rivera E, Hu S, Concha C, 2003. Ginseng and aluminium hyroxide act sinergistically as vaccine adjuvant. Vaccine, 21, 1149-1157.
  • Silva E, Gaiva M, Leita S, Jost BH, Carneiro C, Vilela CL, Lopes da Costa L, Mateus L, 2008. Genomic characterization of Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolates recovered from the uterus of dairy cows with normal puerperium or clinical metritis. Vet Microbiol, 25, 111-118.
  • Watson DL, Davies HI, 1993. Influence of adjuvants on the immune response of sheep to a novel Staphylococcus aureus vaccine. Vet Microbiol, 34, 139-153.
  • Watts JL, Lowery DE, Teel JF, Rossbacht S, 2000. Identification of Corynebacterium bovis and other Coryneforms isolated from bovine mammary glands. J. Dairy Sci, 83, 2373- 2379.
  • Watts JL, Rossbach S, 2000. Susceptibilities of Corynebacterium bovis and Corynebacterium amycolatum isolates from bovine mammary glands to 15 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agent Chemother, 44, 3476-3477.
  • Zadoks RN, Watts JL, 2009. Species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci: Genotyping is superior to phenotyping. Vet Microbiol, 134, 20-28.
  • Ziv G, 1995. Treatment of mastitis: An overwiew of progress during the last ten years. Proceedinds, 3rd. IDF International Mastitis Seminar, May 28-June, 1995, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Determination of effectiveness of combined mastitis vaccines prepared for dairy cows in mice

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 163 - 170, 01.09.2013

Öz

Aim: In this study, the development of combined mastitis vaccines for different bacterial mastitis agents (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis and Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes), the determination of effectiveness of vaccination on humoral immunity and the ratio of morbidity and mortality against challenge trials in mice was aimed. Materials and Method: Two combined mastitis vaccines (with ginseng extract, aluminium hidroxide or mineral oil adjuvants) were prepared strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Str. agalactiae, C. bovis and T. pyogenes isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases in dairy cows. Mice were vaccinated twice at interval 5 days before parturition by combined mastitis vaccine with aluminum hydroxide or mineral oil. Blood samples were taken at 10th days after second vaccination. ELISA kits for each mastitis agents were prepared and the antibodies titers were measured by ELISA in samples. Results: The levels of antibodies for each agents in sera of all vaccinated mice were significantly higher than that of controls. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Str. agalactiae, C. bovis and T. pyogenes were administered to mice for challenge trials at 10th days after second vaccination. Mice were observed for 20 days for determination of occurrence of morbidity and mortality. No mortality and morbidity were occurred in all vaccinated mice.Conclusion: Combined mastitis vaccines prepared by different bacterial agents causing mastitis were found to be effective in mice.

Kaynakça

  • Alaçam E, Tekeli T, Erganiş O, İzgi C, 1989. İnek ve mandalarda subklinik mastitislerin tanısı, etkenlerin izolasyonu vebunlara karşı etkili antibiyotiklerin belirlenmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 5, 81-91.
  • Annemüller C, Lammler C, Zschock M, 1999. Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. Vet Microbiol, 69, 217-224.
  • Ateş M, Erganiş O, Çorlu M, Serpek B, 1991. Konya yöresindeki mastitisli ineklerden elde edilen süt örneklerinin mikrobiyel florası ve LDH aktivitesi. Doğa. Tr Vet Animal Sci, 47, 152-157.
  • Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Zadoks RN, 2006. Invited review: The role of cow, pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J Dairy Sci, 89, 1877-1895.
  • Buzzola FR, Barbagelata MS, Caccuri RL, Sordelli DO, 2006. Attenuation and persistence of and ability to induce protective immunity to a Staphylococcus aureus aroA mutant in mice. Infect Immun, 74, 3498-3506.
  • Calzolari A, Giraudo JA, Rampone H, Odiern L, Giraudo AT, et al., 1997. Field trials of a vaccine against bovine mastitis. 1. Evaluation in two commercial dairy herds. J Dairy Sci, 80, 854-858.
  • Degraves FJ, Fetrow J, 1993. Economics of mastitis and mastitis control. Vet Clin North Am Food Animal Pract, 9, 421- 434.
  • Devriese LA, Hommez J, Laeven H, Pot B,Vandamme P, Haesebrouck F, 1999. Identification of aesculin-hidrolyzing streptococci, lactococci, aerococci and enterococci from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows. Vet Microbiol, 70, 87-94.
  • Dinç DA, Erganiş O, Acet A, Deme Ö, Traş B, Baş AL, 1992. Tardomyocel-L ile tedavi edilen subklinik mastitisli inek sütlerinde penisilin ve kloramfenikol kalıntılarının tespiti. Veterinarium, 3, 21-25.
  • Duijkeren EV, Box ATA, Heck MEOC, Wanner WJB, Fluit AC, 2004. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from animals. Vet Microbiol, 103, 91-97.
  • Erganiş O, Kaya O, Kuyucuoğlu Y, 1993. İnek mastitislerine sebep olan mikroorganizmalar ve antibiyotiklere duyarlı- lıkları. Türk Vet Hek Bir Derg, 5, 49-50.
  • Erganiş O, Kuyucuoğlu Y, Ok Ü 1995. İnek ve koyun mastitislerine sebep olan koagulaz negatif ve pozitif stafilokokların biyotiplendirilmesi. Veterinarium, 6, 23-27.
  • Fox LK, Gay JM, 1993. Contagious mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 9, 475-487.
  • Gonzales RN, Cullor JS, Jasper DE, Farver TB, Bushnell RB, Oliver MN, 1989. Prevention of clinical coliform mastitis in dairy cows by a mutant Escherichia coli vaccine. Can J Vet Res, 53, 301-305.
  • Guidry AJ, Oliver SP, Sguiggums KS, Erke EF, Dowlen HH, Hambleton CN, Berming M, 1991. Effect of anticapsular antibodies on neutrophil phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3360-3369.
  • Guler L, Ok U, Gunduz K, Gulcu Y, Hadimli HH, 2005. Antimicrobial susceptibility and coagulase gene typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis cases in Turkey. J Dairy Sci, 88, 3149-3154.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, 2001. Süt ineklerinde stafilokokkal mastitisler için aşı çalışmaları. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 17, 9-19.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Kav K, Sayın Z, 2005. Evaluation of a combined vaccine against staphylococcal mastitis in ewes. Bulletin Vet Res Ins Pulawy, 49, 165-167.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Kav K, Sayın Z, 2006. Mastitisli inek sütlerinden izole edilen Corynebacterium türleri ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 22, 15-19.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Kav K, Sayın Z, 2010. Koyun ve sı- ğır örneklerinden Arcanobacterium pyogenes izolasyonu ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile identifikasyonu. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 611-616.
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Kav K, Sayın Z, Sakmanoğlu A, Pınarkara Y, 2011. Determination of pathgenicity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in mice. 3th East Mediterranean ICLAS Symposium & XV. ICLAS Genaral Assembly, June 13-15, pp 71, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Sayın Z, Yıldırım B, 2007. Fare ve koyunlarda ginseng katılmış inaktif Salmonella Typhimurium aşılarının etkinliği. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 23, 17-24.
  • Hadimli HH, Sayın Z, Pınarkara Y, Sakmanoğlu A, Temimhan MS, Erganiş O, 2012. Farelerde inaktif Arcanonbacterium pyogenes aşılarının etkinliği. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 28, 133- 137.
  • Hommez J, Devriese LA, Vaneechoutte M, Riegel P, Butaye P, Haesebrouck F, 1999. Identification of nonlipophilic Corynebacteria isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. J Clin Microbiol, 37, 954-957.
  • Honkonen-Buzalski T, Anderson JC, Bramley AS, 1985. The virulence of strains of Corynebacterium bovis in the mammary gland of the mouse and the effect of bacterial mastitis on subsequent infection with Staphylococcus aureus. British Vet J, 141, 519-528.
  • Hu S, Concha C, Lin F, Waller KP, 2003. Adjuvant effect of ginseng extract on the immune responses to immunisation against Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 91, 29-37.
  • Huxley JN, Gren MJ, Bradley AJ, 2003. Corynebacterium bovisFriend or Foe? Proceedings of the British Mastitis Conference, Garstang, p: 23-34.
  • Jones TO, 1993. Bovine mastitis bacteriology: Problems and pitfalls. Cattle Practice, 4, 55-57.
  • Jost BH, Billington SJ, 2005. Arcanobacterium pyogenes: Molecular pathogenesis of an animal opportunist. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 88, 87-102.
  • Karahan M, Çetinkaya B, 2004. Subklinik sığır mastitislerinden izole edilen koagulaz pozitif Staphylococcus aureus suşlarının moleküler tiplendirilmesi. VI. Ulusal Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 14-16 Eylül, Elazığ.
  • Leitner G, Krifucks O, 2007. Pseudomonas aeruginosa masti-tis outbreaks in sheep and goat flocks: Antibody production and vaccination in a mouse model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 119, 198-203.
  • Leitner G, Krifucks O, Glickman A, Younis A, Saran A, 2003a. Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis: Virulence, antibody production and protection from challenge in a mouse model. FEMS Immun. Med Microbiol, 35, 99-106.
  • Leitner G, Lubashevsy E, Trainin Z, 2003b. Staphylococcus aureus vaccine against mastitis in dairy cows, composition and evaluation of its immunogenicity in a mouse model. Vet Immun Immunpathol, 93, 159-167.
  • Lipman LJA, Nijs A, Lam TJGM, Rost JA, Dijk LV, Schukken YH, Gaastra W, 1996. Genotyping by PCR, of Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated from mammary gland of cows. Vet Microbiol, 48, 51-55.
  • Meiri-Bendek I, Lipkin A, Friedmann A, 2001. A PCR-based method for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk. J Dairy Sci, 85, 1717-1723.
  • Merl K, Abdulmawjood A, Lammmler C, Zschock M, 2003. Determination of epidemiological relationship of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis. FEMS Microbiol. Letters, 226, 87-92.
  • Nickerson SC, Owens WE, Boddie RL, 1993. Effect of a Staphylococcus aureus bacterin on serum antibody, new infection and mammary histology in nonlactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 76, 1290-1297.
  • Nizamlıoğlu M, Tekeli T, Erganiş O, Başpinar N, 1989. İneklerde subklinik mastitislerin biyokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik yönden incelenmesi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 5, 135-143.
  • Nyman AK, 2007. Epidemiological Studies of Risk Factors for Bovine Mastitis, Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
  • Pengov A, 2001 The role of coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. and associated somatic cell counts in the ovine mammary gland. J Dairy Res, 84, 572-574.
  • Pereira UP, Oliveria DGS, Mesquita LR, Costa GM, Pereira LJ, 2011. Efficacy of S. aureus vaccines for bovine mastitis: A systematic review. Vet Microbiol, 148, 117-124.
  • Philpot WN, 1984. Economics of mastitis control. Symposium of Bovine Mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Large Anim Prac, 6, 233-245.
  • Philpot WN, Nickerson SC, 1991. Mastitis: Counter attack, Babson Bros Co. 1880, Country Farm Driv, Naperville, Illinois 60563, USA.
  • Pyölara S, Taponen, S, 2009. Coagulase-negative staphylococci-Emerging mastitis pathogens. Vet Microbiol, 134, 3-8.
  • Raimundo O, Deighton M, Capstick J, Gerraty N, 1999. Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus of bovine origin by polymophisms of the coagulase gene. Vet Microbiol, 66, 275-284.
  • Rivera E, Hu S, Concha C, 2003. Ginseng and aluminium hyroxide act sinergistically as vaccine adjuvant. Vaccine, 21, 1149-1157.
  • Silva E, Gaiva M, Leita S, Jost BH, Carneiro C, Vilela CL, Lopes da Costa L, Mateus L, 2008. Genomic characterization of Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolates recovered from the uterus of dairy cows with normal puerperium or clinical metritis. Vet Microbiol, 25, 111-118.
  • Watson DL, Davies HI, 1993. Influence of adjuvants on the immune response of sheep to a novel Staphylococcus aureus vaccine. Vet Microbiol, 34, 139-153.
  • Watts JL, Lowery DE, Teel JF, Rossbacht S, 2000. Identification of Corynebacterium bovis and other Coryneforms isolated from bovine mammary glands. J. Dairy Sci, 83, 2373- 2379.
  • Watts JL, Rossbach S, 2000. Susceptibilities of Corynebacterium bovis and Corynebacterium amycolatum isolates from bovine mammary glands to 15 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agent Chemother, 44, 3476-3477.
  • Zadoks RN, Watts JL, 2009. Species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci: Genotyping is superior to phenotyping. Vet Microbiol, 134, 20-28.
  • Ziv G, 1995. Treatment of mastitis: An overwiew of progress during the last ten years. Proceedinds, 3rd. IDF International Mastitis Seminar, May 28-June, 1995, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA69GE46JJ
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

H. Hüseyin Hadimli Bu kişi benim

Zafer Sayın Bu kişi benim

Kürşat Kav Bu kişi benim

Osman Erganiş Bu kişi benim

Hülya Türütoğlu Bu kişi benim

Dursun Ali Dinç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Hadimli, H. H., Sayın, Z., Kav, K., Erganiş, O., vd. (2013). Determination of effectiveness of combined mastitis vaccines prepared for dairy cows in mice. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 29(3), 163-170.
AMA Hadimli HH, Sayın Z, Kav K, Erganiş O, Türütoğlu H, Dinç DA. Determination of effectiveness of combined mastitis vaccines prepared for dairy cows in mice. Eurasian J Vet Sci. Eylül 2013;29(3):163-170.
Chicago Hadimli, H. Hüseyin, Zafer Sayın, Kürşat Kav, Osman Erganiş, Hülya Türütoğlu, ve Dursun Ali Dinç. “Determination of Effectiveness of Combined Mastitis Vaccines Prepared for Dairy Cows in Mice”. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 29, sy. 3 (Eylül 2013): 163-70.
EndNote Hadimli HH, Sayın Z, Kav K, Erganiş O, Türütoğlu H, Dinç DA (01 Eylül 2013) Determination of effectiveness of combined mastitis vaccines prepared for dairy cows in mice. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 29 3 163–170.
IEEE H. H. Hadimli, Z. Sayın, K. Kav, O. Erganiş, H. Türütoğlu, ve D. A. Dinç, “Determination of effectiveness of combined mastitis vaccines prepared for dairy cows in mice”, Eurasian J Vet Sci, c. 29, sy. 3, ss. 163–170, 2013.
ISNAD Hadimli, H. Hüseyin vd. “Determination of Effectiveness of Combined Mastitis Vaccines Prepared for Dairy Cows in Mice”. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 29/3 (Eylül 2013), 163-170.
JAMA Hadimli HH, Sayın Z, Kav K, Erganiş O, Türütoğlu H, Dinç DA. Determination of effectiveness of combined mastitis vaccines prepared for dairy cows in mice. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2013;29:163–170.
MLA Hadimli, H. Hüseyin vd. “Determination of Effectiveness of Combined Mastitis Vaccines Prepared for Dairy Cows in Mice”. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, c. 29, sy. 3, 2013, ss. 163-70.
Vancouver Hadimli HH, Sayın Z, Kav K, Erganiş O, Türütoğlu H, Dinç DA. Determination of effectiveness of combined mastitis vaccines prepared for dairy cows in mice. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2013;29(3):163-70.