Bir kobay (Cavia porcellus) kolonisinde akut nitrat-nitrit zehirlenmesi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 106 - 109, 01.06.2013

Nakulan Valsala Rajesh Veluchamy Kumar Palanisamy Ganapathi Marudhai Thangapandiyan

Öz

Bir kobay (Cavia porcellus) kolonisinde akut nitrat-nitrit
zehirlenmesine bağlı olarak 88 adetinden 28 adetinin spontan
olarak öldüğü vaka sunuldu. Cichorium intybus bitkisinin
yeşil yapraklarının yenmesine bağlı olarak nitrat-nitrit
zehirlenmesinin neden olduğunu ölümler düşünüldü. 28 adet
kobaydaki belirgin belirtiler ise doğal deliklerden akan çikolata
renkli kan, siyanotik mukoz membranlar, midriyazis ve şişmiş
karın olarak gözlendi. 28 hayvanın nekropsisinde büyük viseral
organlarda kanamalar, böbrekte tubuler nefroz, dalakta lenfoid
yapı, karaciğerde hidrofobik değişiklikler ile nekroz, barsaklarda
hemaraji ve akciğerde histopatalojik değişiklikler. Nitrat-nitrit
zehirlenmesi spektrofotometrik olarak doğrulandı. C. intybus
toksikolojik analizinde %2.1 g nitrat, %1.0 g nitrit ve 80 ppb
sitrinin varlığı belirlendi. Barsak boşluğu 10 ppm nitrat ve 1 ppm
nitrit içermekte olduğu belirlendi. Bilindiği kadarı ile mevcut
vaka, C. intybus yeşil yapraklarının yenmesine bağlı kobaylarda
akut nitrat-nitrit zehirlenmesinin bildirildiği ilk vakadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nitrat-nitrit zehirlenmesi, Cichorium intybus, kobay

An incidence of acute nitrate-nitrite poisoning in a Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) colony

Öz

We present an incidence of acute nitrate-nitrite poisoning in
a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) colony which resulted in the
substantial and spontaneous death of 28 out of 88 guinea pigs.
The cause of death was traced to nitrate-nitrite toxicity from
ingestion of the green leaves of overfertilized Cichorium intybus.
The predominant symptoms in the 28 guinea pigs were chocolate
brown bloody discharge from all natural orifices, cyanotic
mucous membrane, mydriasis, and bloated abdomen. Necropsy
of all the 28 animals showed hemorrhage in all visceral organs
grossly, and tubular nephrosis of the kidney, lymphoid depletion
in the spleen, hydropic changes and necrosis in hepatocytes,
and hemorrhages in the intestine and lungs histopathologically.
Nitrate-nitrite toxicity was confirmed spectrophotometrically.
The toxicological analysis of the feed samples of C. intybus
revealed 2.1 g% nitrate, 1.0 g% nitrite, and 80 ppb citrinin. The
intestinal loop had 10 ppm of nitrate and 1 ppm of nitrite. To the
best of our knowledge, this is the first report of acute nitratenitrite
poisoning in guinea pigs owing to the ingestion of the
green leaves of overfertilized C. intybus.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nitrate-nitrite poisoning, Cichorium intybus, guinea pig

Kaynakça

• Alonso A, Camargo JA, 2006. Toxicity of nitrite to three species of fresh water invertebrates. Environ Toxicol, 21, 90-94.
• Andrade R, Claudia OV, Silvane GG, Felix GR, Reyeand SR, 2003. A flow-injection spectrophotometric method for nitrate and nitrite determination through nitric oxide generation. Food Chem, 80, 597-602.
• Banks R, 1989. The Guinea pig. Biology, Care, Identification, Nomenclature, Breeding and Genetics. USAMRID seminar series. pp:1-35.
• Camargo JA, Alonso A, Salamanea A, 2005. Nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals: a review with new data for fresh water invertebrates. Chemosphere, 58, 1255-1267.
• Cathy I, Bedwell DW, Hamar W, Martha LH, Sondermann JP, Kemeth GO, 1995. Comparison of four methods for forage nitrate analysis. J Vet Diag Invest, 7, 527-530.
• Clark JD, Olfert ED, 1986. In Fowler ME: Rodents (Rodentia). Zoo and wild animal medicine. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA, pp: 728-747.
• David HL, 1986. Nitrate poisoning in Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Ring-Billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis). J Wildlife Dis, 22, 381-384.
• Deena M, Manassaram M, Lorraine CB, Deborah MM, 2006. A review of nitrates in drinking water: Maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes. Environ Health Prospec, 114, 320-327.
• Gilman AP, Villeneuve DC, Secours VE, Yagminas AP, Tracy BL, Quinn JM, Valli VE, Moss MA, 1998. Uranyl nitrate: 91-day toxicity studies in the New Zealand White rabbit. Toxicol Sci, 41, 117-128.
• Gilman AP, Villeneuve DC, Secours VE, Yagminas AP, Tracy BL, Quinn JM, Valli VE, Willes RJ, Moss MA, 1998(a). Uranyl nitrate: 28-day and 91-day toxicity studies in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Toxicol Sci, 41, 129-137.
• Kaushalya G, Barat GK, Wagle DD, Chawla HKL, 1989. Nutrient contents and antinutritional factors in conventional and nonconventional leafy vegetables. Food Chem. 31, 105-116.
• Mckenzie R, Gordon A, Burren B, Gibson J, Gardner N, 2009. Alpaca plant poisonings: nitrate-nitrite and possible cyanide. Aust Vet J, 87, 113-115.
• Mckenzie RA, Rayner AC, Thompson GK, Pidgeon GF, Burren BR, 2004. Nitrate-nitrite toxicity in cattle and sheep grazing Dictyloctenium radulans (Button grass) in stockyards. Aust Vet J, 82, 630-634.
• Olson OE, Emerick RJ, Whitehead EJ, 2002. Forage nitrate poisoning. A summary 2002. FS, 420.
• Ozmen O, Mor F, Ayhan U, 2003. Nitrate poisoning in cattle fed chenopodium album hay. Vet Human Toxicol, 45, 83-84.
• Radostits OM, 2009. Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the disease of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA, pp: 728-747.
• Stoewsand GS, Anderson, JL, Lee CY, 1973. Nitrate- induced methemoglobinemia in Guinea pigs: Influence of diets containing beets with varying amounts of nitrate, and the effect of ascorbic acid and methionine. J Nutr, 103, 419-424.