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Konya’da bir süt sığırcılığı işletmesinde doğal enfekte hayvanlarda Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ve Bovine Herpesvirus-4 enfeksiyonlarının araştırılması

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 82 - 86, 01.06.2013

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Konya’da abort problemi gözlenen bir sığırcılık işletmesinde bulunan hayvanların Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) ve Bovine Herpesvirus-4 (BHV4) enfeksiyonları yönünden araştırılması ve abort gözlenen olaylarda belirtilen bu enfeksiyonların muhtemel rolünün belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: İşletmede bulunan sığırlardan (450 adet) kan serumu ve lökosit örnekleri toplandı. Kan serumu örnekleri indirekt Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) ile üç enfeksiyon için antikor varlığı yönünden, lökosit örnekleri ise direkt ELISA ile BVDV antijen varlığı yönünden incelendi.Bulgular: İncelenen 450 adet serum örneğinin %72.88’i BHV-1’e, %46.22’si BVDV’ye ve %20.22’si ise BHV-4’e karşı gelişen antikor varlığı yönünden pozitif tespit edildi. Lökosit örneklerinde ise BVDV antijen varlığı tespit edilmedi. Öneri: Abort problemi gözlenen çiftlikler, aborta neden olan viral etkenler yönünden periyodik olarak incelenmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Ackermann M, Engels M, 2006. Pro and contra IBR eradication. Vet Microbiol, 113, 293-302.
  • Ackermann M, Müller HK, Bruckner L, Kihm L, 1990. Eradication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in Switzerland: review and prospects. Vet Microbiol, 23, 365-370.
  • Ali H, Keefe GP, Cepica A, 2011. Bovine Herpesvirus-4, a potential cause of mastitis in Canadian dairy cows. Br J Dairy Sci, 2, 31-34.
  • Aly NM, Shehab GG, Abd el-Rahim IH, 2003. Bovine viral diarrhoea, bovine herpesvirus and parainfluenza-3 virus infection in three cattle herds in Egypt in 2000. Rev Sci Tech, 22, 879-892.
  • Ata A, Kocamüftüoğlu M, Hasırcıoğlu S, Kale M, Gülay MŞ, 2012. Investigation of Relationship between Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV- 1) infection and fertility in repeat breeding dairy cows in familytype small dairy Farms. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 579-583.
  • Baker JC, 1995. The clinical manifestations of bovine viral diarrhea infection. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 11, 425-449.
  • Bartha A, Juhasz M, Liebermann H, 1966. Isolation of a bovine herpesvirus from calves with respiratory disease and keratoconjunctivitis. Acta Vet Acad Scient Hung, 16, 357-358.
  • Belak S, Palfi V, 1974. Characterization of a herpesvirus isolated from spontaneously degenerated bovine kidney cell culture. Acta Vet Acad Scient Hung, 24, 249-253.
  • Brownlie J, 1985. Clinical aspects of the bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease complex in cattle. In Practice, 7, 195-202.
  • Bulut H, Rişvanlı A, Tonbak Ş, Gülaçtı İ, Azkur AK, Bolat Y, 2003. Döl tutmayan ineklerde bovine herpesvirus 1 infeksiyonlarının Sıklı- ğı. FÜ Sağlık Bil Derg, 17, 23-26.
  • Bulut O, Yavru S, 2004. Boğalarda Bovine Herpesvirus–1 (BHV-1) enfeksiyonunun Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ve virus izolasyonu (VI) metotları ile karşılaştırmalı teşhisi ve seroepidemiyolojisi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 20, 61-70.
  • Burgu İ, Alkan F, Yeşilbağ K, 1999. Türkiye’de sığırlarda persiste BVD virus enfeksiyonu. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 46, 169-177.
  • Calisher CH, Gould EA, 2003. Taxonomy of the virus family flaviviridae. Adv Virus Res, 59, 1-19.
  • Castrucci G, Martin WB, Frigeri F, Ferrari M, Salvatori D, Tagliati S, Cuteri V, 1997. A serological survey of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in selected dairy herds in Northern and Central Italy. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 20, 315-317.
  • Czaplicki G, Thiry E, 1998. An association exists between bovine herpesvirus-4 seropositivity and abortion in cows. Prev Vet Med, 33, 235-240.
  • Çabalar M, 1993. Fertilite problemli ineklerde IBR/IPV virus izolasyonu ve seroepidemiyolojisi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Dağalp SB, Demir AB, Güngör E, Alkan F, 2007. The seroprevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus Type 4 (BHV4) infection in dairy herds in Turkey and possible interaction with reproductive disorders. Revue Med Vet, 158, 201-205.
  • Dağalp SB, Güngör E, Demir AB, Muz DP, Yılmaz V, Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Ataseven VS, Alkan F, 2010. The investigation of the presence of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) in cows with metritis in a dairy herd. AÜ Vet Fak Derg, 57, 87-91.
  • Deim Z, Szeredi L, Egyed L, 2007. Detection of Bovine herpesvirus-4 DNA in aborted bovine fetuses. Can J Vet Res, 71, 226-229.
  • Donis RO, 1995. Molecular biology of bovine viral diarrhea virus and its interactions with the host. Vet Clin North Am, 11, 393-423.
  • Duffell SJ, Harkness JW, 1985. Bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease infection in cattle. Vet Rec, 117, 240-245.
  • Duman R, Yavru S, Kale M, Avcı O, 2009. Seroprevalence of viral upper respiratory infections in dairy cattle. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15, 539-542.
  • Ellis JA, 2009. Update on viral pathogenesis in BRD. Anim Health Res Rev, 10, 149–153.
  • Fabian K, Makrai L, Sachse K, Szeredi L, Egyed L, 2008. An investigation of the aetiological role of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 in bovine endometritis. Vet J, 177, 289-292.
  • Fitton J, Beenham J, Edwards S, 1990. Bovid herpesvirus-4 antibody in cattle in Great Britain. Vet Rec, 126, 173. Frazier K, Pence M, Mauel MJ, Liggett A, Hines ME, Sangster L, Lehmkuhl HD, Miller D, Styer E, West J, Baldwin CA, 2001. Endometritis in postparturient cattle associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 infection: 15 cases. J Vet Diagn Invest, 13, 502-508.
  • Frazier K, Baldwin C, Pence M, West J, Bernard J, Liggett A, Miller D, Hines M, 2002. Seroprevalence and comparison of isolates of endometriotropic bovine herpesvirus-4. J Vet Diag Invest, 14, 457- 462.
  • Goyal SM, Naeem K, 1992. Bovine herpesvirus-4: A review. Vet Bull, 62, 181-201.
  • Gür S, Dogan N, 2010. The possible role of bovine herpesvirus type-4 infection in cow infertility. Anim Sci J, 81, 304-308.
  • Graham DA, McNeill GJ, Calvert V, Mawhinney K, Curran W, Ball NW, Todd D, 2005. Virological and serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in cattle in Northern Ireland. Vet Rec, 29, 539-543.
  • Hage JJ, Schukken YH, Dijkstra TH, Barkema HW, Van Valkengoed PHR, Wentink GH, 1998. Milk production and reproduction during a subclinical bovine herpesvirus 1 infection on a dairy farm. Prev Vet Med, 34, 97-106.
  • Horzenik MC, 1991. Pestivirus-taxonomic perspectives. Arch Virol Suppl, 3, 1-5.
  • Kale M, Ata A, Yavru S, Yapkıc O, Bulut O, Gulay MS, 2006. The effect of infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus on the fertility of Cows and Heifers. Acta Vet Beograd, 56, 467-477.
  • Kale M, Yavru S, Ata A, Kocamüftüoglu M, Yapıcı O, Hasırcıoglu S, 2011a. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in relation to fertility in heifers. J Vet Med Sci, 73, 331-336.
  • Kale M, Ata A, Kocamuftuoglu M, Hasircioglu S, 2011b. Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) infection in relation to fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows. Acta Vet (Beograd), 61, 13-19.
  • Kalman D, Janosi S, Egyed L, 2004. Role of bovine herpesvirus 4 in bacterial bovine mastitis. Microb Pathog, 37, 125-129.
  • Miyano H, Haritani M, Sentsui H, Tsuboi T, Tanimura N, Kimura KK, Kobayashi M, Obara N, Akimoto Y, 2004. Mammary lesions associated with bovine herpesvirus Type 4 in a cow with clinical mastitis. J Vet Med Sci, 66, 457-460.
  • Moennig V, Liess B, 1995. Pathogenesis of intrauterine infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Vet Clin North Am, 11, 477-487.
  • Monge A, Elvira L, Gonzalez JV, Astiz S, Wellenberg GJ, 2006. Bovine herpesvirus 4 associated postpartum metritis in a Spanish dairy herd. Res Vet Sci, 80, 120-125.
  • Marco I, Lopez-Olvera JR, Rosell R, Vidal E, Hurtado A, Juste R, Pumarola M, Lavin S, 2007. Severe outbreak of disease in the southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) associated with border disease virus infection. Vet Microbiol, 120, 33-41.
  • Mohanty SB, Hammond RC, Lillie MG, 1971. A new bovine herpesvirus and its effect on experimentally infected calves. Arch Ges Virusforsch, 33, 394-395.
  • Murphy FA, Gibbs EPJ, Horzinek MG, Studdert MJ, 1999. Herpesviridae. In: Veterinary Virology, Chapter 18, Academic Press, USA, pp: 411- 418.
  • Murray RD, 1990. A field investigation of causes of abortion in dairy cattle. Vet Rec, 127, 543-547.
  • Mweene AS, Fukushi H, Pandey GS, Syakalima M, Simuunza M, Malamo M, Nambota A, Samui KL, Tsubota T, Nakazato Y, Onuma M, Yasuda J, 2003. The prevalance of bovine herpesvirus in traditional cattle in Southern Province, Zambia. Rev Sci Tech, 22, 873-877.
  • Olafson P, Rickard CG, 1947. Further observations on the virus diarrhea (new transmissible disease) of cattle. Cornell Vet, 37, 104- 106.
  • Özkul A, Çabalar M, Bilge S, Akça Y, Burgu İ, 1995. Süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde IBR/IPV ve BVD virus enfeksiyonlarının infertilite olgularındaki rolü. AÜ Vet Fak Derg, 42, 381-387.
  • Öztürk F, Toker A, Yavru S, 1988. Konya Hayvancılık Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü sığırlarında infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) üzerinde araştırmalar. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 4, 53-64.
  • Öztürk D, Kale M, Pehlivanoğlu F, Hasırcıoğlu S, Türütoğlu H, 2012. Evaluation for some bacterial and viral abortions of dairy cattle farms in Burdur district of Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 255-258.
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Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 82 - 86, 01.06.2013

Öz

Aim: The research was aimed to determine the presence of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) infections in a dairy herd with abortion problem in Konya and to determine their possible roles for abortions.Materials and Methods: Blood serum and leukocyte samples were collected from cattle (450) in herd. Blood sera samples were investigated for antibodies to three infections by indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Also, leukocyte samples were investigated for the presence of BVDV antigen by direct ELISA.Results: Of the 450 samples tested, 72.88%, 46.22% and 20.22% were determined to be seropositive for BHV-1, BVDV and BHV4 antibodies, respectively. BVDV antigen was not detected in any leukocyte samples.Conclusion: All herds with abortion problem should be examined for viral agents that cause abortion

Kaynakça

  • Ackermann M, Engels M, 2006. Pro and contra IBR eradication. Vet Microbiol, 113, 293-302.
  • Ackermann M, Müller HK, Bruckner L, Kihm L, 1990. Eradication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in Switzerland: review and prospects. Vet Microbiol, 23, 365-370.
  • Ali H, Keefe GP, Cepica A, 2011. Bovine Herpesvirus-4, a potential cause of mastitis in Canadian dairy cows. Br J Dairy Sci, 2, 31-34.
  • Aly NM, Shehab GG, Abd el-Rahim IH, 2003. Bovine viral diarrhoea, bovine herpesvirus and parainfluenza-3 virus infection in three cattle herds in Egypt in 2000. Rev Sci Tech, 22, 879-892.
  • Ata A, Kocamüftüoğlu M, Hasırcıoğlu S, Kale M, Gülay MŞ, 2012. Investigation of Relationship between Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV- 1) infection and fertility in repeat breeding dairy cows in familytype small dairy Farms. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 579-583.
  • Baker JC, 1995. The clinical manifestations of bovine viral diarrhea infection. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 11, 425-449.
  • Bartha A, Juhasz M, Liebermann H, 1966. Isolation of a bovine herpesvirus from calves with respiratory disease and keratoconjunctivitis. Acta Vet Acad Scient Hung, 16, 357-358.
  • Belak S, Palfi V, 1974. Characterization of a herpesvirus isolated from spontaneously degenerated bovine kidney cell culture. Acta Vet Acad Scient Hung, 24, 249-253.
  • Brownlie J, 1985. Clinical aspects of the bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease complex in cattle. In Practice, 7, 195-202.
  • Bulut H, Rişvanlı A, Tonbak Ş, Gülaçtı İ, Azkur AK, Bolat Y, 2003. Döl tutmayan ineklerde bovine herpesvirus 1 infeksiyonlarının Sıklı- ğı. FÜ Sağlık Bil Derg, 17, 23-26.
  • Bulut O, Yavru S, 2004. Boğalarda Bovine Herpesvirus–1 (BHV-1) enfeksiyonunun Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ve virus izolasyonu (VI) metotları ile karşılaştırmalı teşhisi ve seroepidemiyolojisi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 20, 61-70.
  • Burgu İ, Alkan F, Yeşilbağ K, 1999. Türkiye’de sığırlarda persiste BVD virus enfeksiyonu. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 46, 169-177.
  • Calisher CH, Gould EA, 2003. Taxonomy of the virus family flaviviridae. Adv Virus Res, 59, 1-19.
  • Castrucci G, Martin WB, Frigeri F, Ferrari M, Salvatori D, Tagliati S, Cuteri V, 1997. A serological survey of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in selected dairy herds in Northern and Central Italy. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 20, 315-317.
  • Czaplicki G, Thiry E, 1998. An association exists between bovine herpesvirus-4 seropositivity and abortion in cows. Prev Vet Med, 33, 235-240.
  • Çabalar M, 1993. Fertilite problemli ineklerde IBR/IPV virus izolasyonu ve seroepidemiyolojisi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Dağalp SB, Demir AB, Güngör E, Alkan F, 2007. The seroprevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus Type 4 (BHV4) infection in dairy herds in Turkey and possible interaction with reproductive disorders. Revue Med Vet, 158, 201-205.
  • Dağalp SB, Güngör E, Demir AB, Muz DP, Yılmaz V, Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Ataseven VS, Alkan F, 2010. The investigation of the presence of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) in cows with metritis in a dairy herd. AÜ Vet Fak Derg, 57, 87-91.
  • Deim Z, Szeredi L, Egyed L, 2007. Detection of Bovine herpesvirus-4 DNA in aborted bovine fetuses. Can J Vet Res, 71, 226-229.
  • Donis RO, 1995. Molecular biology of bovine viral diarrhea virus and its interactions with the host. Vet Clin North Am, 11, 393-423.
  • Duffell SJ, Harkness JW, 1985. Bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease infection in cattle. Vet Rec, 117, 240-245.
  • Duman R, Yavru S, Kale M, Avcı O, 2009. Seroprevalence of viral upper respiratory infections in dairy cattle. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15, 539-542.
  • Ellis JA, 2009. Update on viral pathogenesis in BRD. Anim Health Res Rev, 10, 149–153.
  • Fabian K, Makrai L, Sachse K, Szeredi L, Egyed L, 2008. An investigation of the aetiological role of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 in bovine endometritis. Vet J, 177, 289-292.
  • Fitton J, Beenham J, Edwards S, 1990. Bovid herpesvirus-4 antibody in cattle in Great Britain. Vet Rec, 126, 173. Frazier K, Pence M, Mauel MJ, Liggett A, Hines ME, Sangster L, Lehmkuhl HD, Miller D, Styer E, West J, Baldwin CA, 2001. Endometritis in postparturient cattle associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 infection: 15 cases. J Vet Diagn Invest, 13, 502-508.
  • Frazier K, Baldwin C, Pence M, West J, Bernard J, Liggett A, Miller D, Hines M, 2002. Seroprevalence and comparison of isolates of endometriotropic bovine herpesvirus-4. J Vet Diag Invest, 14, 457- 462.
  • Goyal SM, Naeem K, 1992. Bovine herpesvirus-4: A review. Vet Bull, 62, 181-201.
  • Gür S, Dogan N, 2010. The possible role of bovine herpesvirus type-4 infection in cow infertility. Anim Sci J, 81, 304-308.
  • Graham DA, McNeill GJ, Calvert V, Mawhinney K, Curran W, Ball NW, Todd D, 2005. Virological and serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in cattle in Northern Ireland. Vet Rec, 29, 539-543.
  • Hage JJ, Schukken YH, Dijkstra TH, Barkema HW, Van Valkengoed PHR, Wentink GH, 1998. Milk production and reproduction during a subclinical bovine herpesvirus 1 infection on a dairy farm. Prev Vet Med, 34, 97-106.
  • Horzenik MC, 1991. Pestivirus-taxonomic perspectives. Arch Virol Suppl, 3, 1-5.
  • Kale M, Ata A, Yavru S, Yapkıc O, Bulut O, Gulay MS, 2006. The effect of infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus on the fertility of Cows and Heifers. Acta Vet Beograd, 56, 467-477.
  • Kale M, Yavru S, Ata A, Kocamüftüoglu M, Yapıcı O, Hasırcıoglu S, 2011a. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in relation to fertility in heifers. J Vet Med Sci, 73, 331-336.
  • Kale M, Ata A, Kocamuftuoglu M, Hasircioglu S, 2011b. Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) infection in relation to fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows. Acta Vet (Beograd), 61, 13-19.
  • Kalman D, Janosi S, Egyed L, 2004. Role of bovine herpesvirus 4 in bacterial bovine mastitis. Microb Pathog, 37, 125-129.
  • Miyano H, Haritani M, Sentsui H, Tsuboi T, Tanimura N, Kimura KK, Kobayashi M, Obara N, Akimoto Y, 2004. Mammary lesions associated with bovine herpesvirus Type 4 in a cow with clinical mastitis. J Vet Med Sci, 66, 457-460.
  • Moennig V, Liess B, 1995. Pathogenesis of intrauterine infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Vet Clin North Am, 11, 477-487.
  • Monge A, Elvira L, Gonzalez JV, Astiz S, Wellenberg GJ, 2006. Bovine herpesvirus 4 associated postpartum metritis in a Spanish dairy herd. Res Vet Sci, 80, 120-125.
  • Marco I, Lopez-Olvera JR, Rosell R, Vidal E, Hurtado A, Juste R, Pumarola M, Lavin S, 2007. Severe outbreak of disease in the southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) associated with border disease virus infection. Vet Microbiol, 120, 33-41.
  • Mohanty SB, Hammond RC, Lillie MG, 1971. A new bovine herpesvirus and its effect on experimentally infected calves. Arch Ges Virusforsch, 33, 394-395.
  • Murphy FA, Gibbs EPJ, Horzinek MG, Studdert MJ, 1999. Herpesviridae. In: Veterinary Virology, Chapter 18, Academic Press, USA, pp: 411- 418.
  • Murray RD, 1990. A field investigation of causes of abortion in dairy cattle. Vet Rec, 127, 543-547.
  • Mweene AS, Fukushi H, Pandey GS, Syakalima M, Simuunza M, Malamo M, Nambota A, Samui KL, Tsubota T, Nakazato Y, Onuma M, Yasuda J, 2003. The prevalance of bovine herpesvirus in traditional cattle in Southern Province, Zambia. Rev Sci Tech, 22, 873-877.
  • Olafson P, Rickard CG, 1947. Further observations on the virus diarrhea (new transmissible disease) of cattle. Cornell Vet, 37, 104- 106.
  • Özkul A, Çabalar M, Bilge S, Akça Y, Burgu İ, 1995. Süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde IBR/IPV ve BVD virus enfeksiyonlarının infertilite olgularındaki rolü. AÜ Vet Fak Derg, 42, 381-387.
  • Öztürk F, Toker A, Yavru S, 1988. Konya Hayvancılık Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü sığırlarında infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) üzerinde araştırmalar. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 4, 53-64.
  • Öztürk D, Kale M, Pehlivanoğlu F, Hasırcıoğlu S, Türütoğlu H, 2012. Evaluation for some bacterial and viral abortions of dairy cattle farms in Burdur district of Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 255-258.
  • Pardon B, De Bleecker K, Dewulf J, Callens J, Boyen F, Catry B, Deprez P, 2011. Prevalence of respiratory pathogens in diseased, nonvaccinated, routinely medicated veal calves. Vet Rec, 169, 278.
  • Pastoret PP, Thiry E, Brochier B, Derboven G, 1982. Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection of cattle: pathogenesis, latency, consequences of latency. Ann Rech Vet, 13, 221-235.
  • Pellerin C, Van den Hurk J, Lecomte J, Tijssen P, 1994. Identification a new group bovine viral diarhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. Virol, 203, 260-269.
  • Rasmussen TB, Reimann I, Hoffmann B, Depner K, Uttenthal A, Beer M, 2008. Direct recovery of infectious pestivirus from a full-length RT-PCR amplicon. J Virol Methods, 149, 330-333.
  • Ridpath JF, Bolin SR, Dubovi EJ, 1994. Segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in to genotypes. Virol, 205, 66-74.
  • Roizman B, Carmichael LE, Deinhardt F, de-The G, Nahmias AJ, Plowright W, Rapp F, Sheldrick P, Takahashi M, Wolf K, 1981. Herpesviridae: Definition, provisional nomenclature, and taxonomy. Intervirology, 16, 201-217.
  • Roizman B, Desroisers RC, Fleckenstein B, Lopez C, Minson AC, Studdert MJ, 1992. The family herpesviridae: an update. Arch Virol, 123, 425-449.
  • Stokstad M, Brownlie J, Collins ME, 2004. Analysis of variation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus E2 sequence following transplacental infection of cattle. Vet Microbiol, 102, 141-145.
  • Şimşek A, Öztürk F, 1997. Klinik olarak sağlıklı sığır sürülerinde persiste Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus enfeksiyonlarının araştırılması ve epizootiyolojik önemi. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 13, 113-119.
  • Truman D, Ludwig H, Storz J, 1986. Bovine herpesvirus type 4: Studies on the biology and spread in cattle herds and in insemination bulls. J Vet Med B, 33, 485-501.
  • Van Malderen G, VanOpdenbosch E, Wellemans G, 1987. Bovine herpesvirus 1 and 4: A seroepidemiological survey of the Belgian cattle population. Vl. Diergeneesk. Tijdschr, 56, 364-371.
  • Van Oirschot JT, Straver PJ, van Lieshout JAH, Quak J, Westenbrink F, van Exsel ACA, 1993. A subclinical infection of bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1 at an artificial insemination centre. Vet Rec, 132, 32-35.
  • Van Oirschot JT, Kaashoek MJ, Rijsewijk FAM, 1996. Advances in the development and evaluation of bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccines. Vet Microbiol, 53, 43-54.
  • Wellenberg GJ, Van Der Poel WHM, Van Der Vorst TJK, Van Valkengoed PHR, Schuhken YH, Wagenaar F, Van Oirschot JT, 2000. BoHV-4 in bovine clinical mastitis. Vet Rec, 147, 222-225.
  • Wentink GH, Van Oirschot JT, Verhoef J, 1993. Risk of infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1): A review. Vet Quart, 15, 30-33.
  • Wyler R, Engels M, Schwyzer M. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/ vulvovaginitis (BHV1). 1989. In: Wittmann G, Editor. Herpesvirus Diseases of Cattle, Horses and Pigs. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, UK, pp: 1-72.
  • Xia JQ, Yason CV, Kibenge FSB, 1995. Comparison of dot blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation for detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in artificially infected bovine semen. Can J Vet Res, 59, 102-109.
  • Yamane D, Nagai M, Ogawa Y, Tohya Y, Akashi H, 2005. Enhancement of apoptosis via an extrinsic factor, TNF-α, in cells infected with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus. Microbes Infect, 7, 1482- 1491.
  • Yason CV, Harris LM, McKenna PK, Wadowska D, Kibenge FS, 1995. Establishment of conditions for the detection of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 by polymerase chain reaction using primers in the thymidine kinase region. Can J Vet Res, 59, 94-101.
  • Yapkıç O, Yavru S, 2001. Gebe sığırlarda ve bunların buzağılarında persiste Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) enfeksiyonunun immunfloresans ve immunperoksidaz testleri ile araştırılması. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 17, 21-30.
  • Yates WDG, 1982. A review of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia and viral-bacterial synergism in respiratory disease of cattle. Can J Comp Med, 46, 225-263.
  • Yavru S, Şimşek A, Yapkıç O, Kale M, 2005. Serological evaluation of viral infections in bovine respiratoy tract. Acta Vet Beograd, 55, 219-226.
  • Yıldırım Y, Yılmaz V, Kalaycıoğlu AT, Dağalp SB, Farajı Majarashın AR, Çelebi Ö, Akça D, 2011. An investigation of a possible involvement of BVDV, BHV-1 and BHV-4 infections in abortion of dairy cattle in Kars district of Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 17, 879-883.
  • Zimmermann W, Broll H, Ehlers B, Buhk HJ, Rosenthal A, Goltz M, 2001. Genome sequence of bovine herpesvirus 4, a bovine Rhadinovirus, and identification of an origin of DNA replication. J Virol, 75, 1186-1194.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA69GN97SR
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Oğuzhan Avcı Bu kişi benim

Sibel Yavru Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Avcı, O., & Yavru, S. (2013). Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 29(2), 82-86.
AMA Avcı O, Yavru S. Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya. Eurasian J Vet Sci. Haziran 2013;29(2):82-86.
Chicago Avcı, Oğuzhan, ve Sibel Yavru. “Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a Dairy Herd With Naturally Infected in Konya”. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 29, sy. 2 (Haziran 2013): 82-86.
EndNote Avcı O, Yavru S (01 Haziran 2013) Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 29 2 82–86.
IEEE O. Avcı ve S. Yavru, “Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya”, Eurasian J Vet Sci, c. 29, sy. 2, ss. 82–86, 2013.
ISNAD Avcı, Oğuzhan - Yavru, Sibel. “Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a Dairy Herd With Naturally Infected in Konya”. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 29/2 (Haziran 2013), 82-86.
JAMA Avcı O, Yavru S. Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2013;29:82–86.
MLA Avcı, Oğuzhan ve Sibel Yavru. “Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a Dairy Herd With Naturally Infected in Konya”. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, c. 29, sy. 2, 2013, ss. 82-86.
Vancouver Avcı O, Yavru S. Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2013;29(2):82-6.