Araştırma Makalesi
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UHT süt ve peynir örneklerinde aflatoksin M1 varlığının belirlenmesi

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 45 - 50, 30.12.2010

Öz

Bu çalışma, Erzincan ilinde tüketime sunulan UHT süt ve peynir örneklerinde aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) varlığını ve düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 36 UHT süt, 18 beyaz peynir, 17 kaşar peyniri, 10 tulum peyniri, 10 eritme peyniri ve 9 dil peyniri olmak üzere toplam 100 örnek çalışma materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Örnekler ELISA yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz edilen UHT süt ve peynir örneğinin 67’sinde (%67) farklı düzeylerde AFM1 tespit edilmiş ve örneklerin 13’ünde (%13) Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Maddelerindeki Bulaşanların Maksimum Limitleri Hakkında Tebliğ’de belirtilen düzeylerden yüksek bulunmuştur. AFM1 tespit edilen UHT süt numunelerinin %5.6’sı, beyaz peynir numunelerinin %5.6’sı, kaşar peyniri numunelerinin %29.4’ü ve dil peyniri numunelerinin %55.5’inin yasal limitleri aştığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, analiz edilen örneklerin bazılarında AFM1 seviyesinin limit sınırlarının üstünde olduğu belirlenmiş ve AFM1’in halk sağlığına olan zararlı etkileri göz önüne alındığında analiz edilen değerlerin daha aşağılara çekilmesine yönelik uygulamaların gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir Ç, Altıntaş A, (2004). Ankara’da İşlenen Sütlerde Aflatoksin M1 Varlığının ve Düzeylerinin HPLC ile Araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 51, 175-179.
  • Alborzi S, (2004). Determination of the quantity of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurised milk in Shiraz. 14th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1-4 May 2004, Prague/Czech Republic.
  • Applebaum RS, Brackett RE, Wiseman DW, Marth EH, (1982). Responses of dairy cows to dietary aflatoxin: feed intake and yield, toxin content and quality of milk of cows treated with pure and impure aflatoxins. J Dairy Sci. 65, 1503-1508.
  • Aycicek H, Yarsan E, Sarımehmetoğlu B, Çakmak Ö, (2002). Aflatoxin M1 in white cheese and butter consumed in İstanbul, Turkey. Vet Hum Toxicol. 44(5), 295-296.
  • Bakırcı İ, (2001). A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of Turkey. Food Cont. 12, 47-51.
  • Barbieri G, Bergamini C, Ori E, Resca P, (1994). Aflatoxin M1 in Parmesan cheese: HPLC determination. J Food Sci. 59(6), 1313-1331.
  • Bognanno M, La Fauci L, Ritieni A, Tafuri A, De Lorenzo A, Micari P, Di Renzo L, Ciappellano S, Sarullo V, Galvano F, (2006). Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in ovine milk by HPLC and its confirmation by MS. Mol Nutr Food Res. 50(3), 300-305.
  • Domagala J, Kisza J, Blüthgen A, Heeschen W, (1997). Contamination of milk with aflatoxin M1 in Poland. Milchwissenschaft. 52 (11), 631-633.
  • Elgerbi AM, Aidoo KE, Candlish AA, Tester RF, (2004). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in randomly selected North African milk and cheese samples. Food Addit Contam. 21(6), 592-597.
  • Finoli C, Bellavita VM, Cerruti G, (1983). Sula presenza di aflatossina M1 in latte e derivati. Ltte Latticini Conserve Anim. 8(9), 611-625.
  • Finoli C, Vecchio A, (2003). Occurrence of aflatoxins in feedstuffs, sheep milk and dairy products in Western Sicily. Ital J Anim Sci. 2, 191-196.
  • Fritz W, Engst R, (1981). Survey of selected mycotoxins in food. J Environ Sci Health, Part B: Pestic, Food Contam, Agric Wastes. 16(2), 193-210.
  • Galvano F, Galofaro V, Galvano G, (1996). Occurence and stability of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk product: a worldwide review. J Food Protec. 59 (10), 1079-1090.
  • Galvano F, Galofaro V, Angelis A, Galvano M, Bognanno M, Gavano G, (1998). Survey of the Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy products Marketed in Italy. J Food Protec. 61(6), 738-741.
  • Galvano F, Galofaro V, Ritieni A, Bognanno M, De Angelis A, Galvano G, (2001). Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy: second year of observation. Food Add Cont. 18(7), 644-646.
  • Günşen U, Büyükyörük İ, (2003). Piyasadan temin edilen taze kaşar peynirlerinin bakteriyolojik kaliteleri ile aflatoksin M1 düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 27, 821-825.
  • Gürses M, Erdoğan A, Çetin B, (2004). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in some cheese types sold in Erzurum, Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 28, 527-530.
  • Harvey RB, Philips TD, Ellis JA, Kubena LF, Huff WE, Peterson HD, (1991). Effects on aflatoxin M1 residues in milk by addition of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to aflatoxin contaminated diets of dairy cows. Am J Vet Res. 52(9), 1556-1558.
  • Hisada K, Yamamoto K, Tsubouchi H, Sakabe Y, (1984). Natural occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in imported and domestic cheese. J Food Hyg Soc Japan. 25, 543-548.
  • Lopez CE, Ramos LL, Ramadan S, Bulacio LC, (2003). Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in milk for human consumption in Argentina. Food Cont. 14, 31-34.
  • Markaki P, Melissari E, (1997). Occurrence of aflatoksin M1 in commercial pasteurized milk determined with ELISA and HPLC. Food Addit Contam. 14(5), 451-456.
  • Mavuş H, (2003). Kayseri yöresinde satışa sunulan sütlerden aflatoksin tayini. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, GÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Meerarani S, Ramadass P, Padmanaban VD, Nachimuthu K, (1997). Incidence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Sam ples around Chennai (Madras) City. J Food Sci Tech. 34(6), 506-508.
  • Oliveira CA, Rosmaninho J, Rosim R, (2006). Aflatoxin M1 and cyclopiazonic acid in fluid milk traded in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Food Addit Contam. 23(2), 196-201.
  • Oruç HH, Sonal S, (2001). Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in cheese and milk consumed in Bursa, Turkey. Vet Hum Toxicol. 43(5), 292-293.
  • Özkaya Ş, Başaran A, Kaymak T, Dikmen O, Kocabey M, Demirkazık G, Altındiş N, Ramis R, (2002). Türkiyede üretilmekte olan süt ve peynirlerde aflatoksin M1 aranması. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Koruma Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Gıdalarda Katkı-Kalıntı ve Bulaşanlarının İzlenmesi II, Bursa, 80-92.
  • Özmenteşe N, (2002). İstanbul piyasasından sağlanan süt ve süt ürünlerinin aflatoksin B1 ve M1 içerikleri yönünden yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromotografisi yöntemi ile araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, MÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Pereira MMG, De Carvalho EP, Prado G, Da Rocha Rosa CA, Veloso T, De Souza LAF, Ribeiro JMM, (2005). Detection of aflatoxins in dairy cattle feed and milk in Lavras, Minas Gerais-Brazil. Cienc Agrotec. 29(1), 106-112.
  • Piva G, Pietri A, Galazzi L, Curto O, (1988). Aflatoxin M1 occurrence in dairy products marketed in Italy. Food Addit Contam. 5(2), 133-139.
  • Rao SBN, Chopra RC, (2001). Influence of sodium bentonite and activated charcoal on aflatoxin M1 excretion in milk of goats. Small Rum Res. 41, 203-213.
  • Ridascreen Aflatoxin M1, (2006). Enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of aflatoxin M1, Art. No.:R1101. R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany.
  • Roussi V, Govaris A, Varagouli A, Botsoglou NA, (2002). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw and market milk commercialized in Greece. Food AdditContam. 19(9), 863-868.
  • Sarımehmetoğlu B, Kuplulu Ö, Çelik TH, (2004). Detection of aflatoxin M1 in cheese samples by ELISA. Food Cont. 15, 45-49.
  • Sassahara M, Netto DP, Yanaka EK, (2005). Aflatoxin occurrence in foodstuff supplied to dairy cattle and aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in the North of Parana State. Food Chem Toxicol. 43, 981-984.
  • Seyrek K, (2001). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri’ne bağlı birliklerde tüketilen beyaz peynirlerdeki aflatoxin M1 seviyesinin ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) metodu ile saptanması. Vet Hek Der Derg. 55-58.
  • Shundo L, Sabino M, (2006). Aflatoxin M1 in milk by immunoaffinity column clean up with TLC/HPLC determination. Braz J Microbiol. 37(2), 1517-1523.
  • Sonal S, Oruç HH, (2000). Bursa bölgesindeki tavuk çiftliklerinden sağlanan yemlerde mikotoksin düzeyleri. Y Y Ü Vet Fak Derg. 11(2), 1-6.
  • Steyn PS, (1998). The biosynthesis of mycotoxins. Revue Med Vet. 149(6), 469-678. 39. Stoloff L, (1980). Aflatoxin M1 in Perspective. J Food Prot. 43, 226-230.
  • Stoloff L, Wood G, Carter L, (1981). Aflatoxin M1 in manufactured dairy products produced in the United States in 1979. J Dairy Sci. 64(12), 2426-2430.
  • Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yönetmeliği (2008). Gıda Maddelerindeki Bulaşanların Maksimum Limitleri Hakkında Tebliğ. Erişim adresi: http://www.kkgm.gov.tr/TGK/Teblig/2008-26.html. Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2010.
  • Wiseman DW, Marth EH, (1983). Behaviour of aflatoxin M1 during manufacture and storage of queso Blanco and Bakers’ cheese. J Food Prot. 46 (10), 910-913.
  • Yiannikouris A, Jouany JP, (2002). Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review. Anim Res. 51, 81-99.

Detection of aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk and cheese samples

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 45 - 50, 30.12.2010

Öz

This study was undertaken to determine the presence and levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in UHT milk and cheeses consumed in the province of Erzincan. For this purpose, a total of 100 samples containing 36 UHT milk, 18 white cheese, 17 kashar cheese, 10 tulum cheeses, 10 processed cheeses and 9 dil cheeses were used as the study material. The cheese samples were purchased randomly from different markets. The samples were analyzed by ELISA method. Different levels of AFM1 were detected in 67 (67%) of the 100 UHT milk and cheese samples tested, and in 13 of the samples (13%) the amount of AFM1 was found over the levels permitted by the Turkish Food Codex. Among these, 5.6% of UHT milk, 5.6% of white cheese, 29.4% of kashar cheese and 55.5% of dil cheese exceeded the Turkish safety limits. It was therefore concluded that, the aflatoxin contain of the some investigated samples exceed the tolerance levels. AFM1 has hazardous effect for the public health for this reason the AFM levels must be decreased.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir Ç, Altıntaş A, (2004). Ankara’da İşlenen Sütlerde Aflatoksin M1 Varlığının ve Düzeylerinin HPLC ile Araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 51, 175-179.
  • Alborzi S, (2004). Determination of the quantity of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurised milk in Shiraz. 14th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1-4 May 2004, Prague/Czech Republic.
  • Applebaum RS, Brackett RE, Wiseman DW, Marth EH, (1982). Responses of dairy cows to dietary aflatoxin: feed intake and yield, toxin content and quality of milk of cows treated with pure and impure aflatoxins. J Dairy Sci. 65, 1503-1508.
  • Aycicek H, Yarsan E, Sarımehmetoğlu B, Çakmak Ö, (2002). Aflatoxin M1 in white cheese and butter consumed in İstanbul, Turkey. Vet Hum Toxicol. 44(5), 295-296.
  • Bakırcı İ, (2001). A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of Turkey. Food Cont. 12, 47-51.
  • Barbieri G, Bergamini C, Ori E, Resca P, (1994). Aflatoxin M1 in Parmesan cheese: HPLC determination. J Food Sci. 59(6), 1313-1331.
  • Bognanno M, La Fauci L, Ritieni A, Tafuri A, De Lorenzo A, Micari P, Di Renzo L, Ciappellano S, Sarullo V, Galvano F, (2006). Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in ovine milk by HPLC and its confirmation by MS. Mol Nutr Food Res. 50(3), 300-305.
  • Domagala J, Kisza J, Blüthgen A, Heeschen W, (1997). Contamination of milk with aflatoxin M1 in Poland. Milchwissenschaft. 52 (11), 631-633.
  • Elgerbi AM, Aidoo KE, Candlish AA, Tester RF, (2004). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in randomly selected North African milk and cheese samples. Food Addit Contam. 21(6), 592-597.
  • Finoli C, Bellavita VM, Cerruti G, (1983). Sula presenza di aflatossina M1 in latte e derivati. Ltte Latticini Conserve Anim. 8(9), 611-625.
  • Finoli C, Vecchio A, (2003). Occurrence of aflatoxins in feedstuffs, sheep milk and dairy products in Western Sicily. Ital J Anim Sci. 2, 191-196.
  • Fritz W, Engst R, (1981). Survey of selected mycotoxins in food. J Environ Sci Health, Part B: Pestic, Food Contam, Agric Wastes. 16(2), 193-210.
  • Galvano F, Galofaro V, Galvano G, (1996). Occurence and stability of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk product: a worldwide review. J Food Protec. 59 (10), 1079-1090.
  • Galvano F, Galofaro V, Angelis A, Galvano M, Bognanno M, Gavano G, (1998). Survey of the Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy products Marketed in Italy. J Food Protec. 61(6), 738-741.
  • Galvano F, Galofaro V, Ritieni A, Bognanno M, De Angelis A, Galvano G, (2001). Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy: second year of observation. Food Add Cont. 18(7), 644-646.
  • Günşen U, Büyükyörük İ, (2003). Piyasadan temin edilen taze kaşar peynirlerinin bakteriyolojik kaliteleri ile aflatoksin M1 düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 27, 821-825.
  • Gürses M, Erdoğan A, Çetin B, (2004). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in some cheese types sold in Erzurum, Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 28, 527-530.
  • Harvey RB, Philips TD, Ellis JA, Kubena LF, Huff WE, Peterson HD, (1991). Effects on aflatoxin M1 residues in milk by addition of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to aflatoxin contaminated diets of dairy cows. Am J Vet Res. 52(9), 1556-1558.
  • Hisada K, Yamamoto K, Tsubouchi H, Sakabe Y, (1984). Natural occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in imported and domestic cheese. J Food Hyg Soc Japan. 25, 543-548.
  • Lopez CE, Ramos LL, Ramadan S, Bulacio LC, (2003). Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in milk for human consumption in Argentina. Food Cont. 14, 31-34.
  • Markaki P, Melissari E, (1997). Occurrence of aflatoksin M1 in commercial pasteurized milk determined with ELISA and HPLC. Food Addit Contam. 14(5), 451-456.
  • Mavuş H, (2003). Kayseri yöresinde satışa sunulan sütlerden aflatoksin tayini. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, GÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Meerarani S, Ramadass P, Padmanaban VD, Nachimuthu K, (1997). Incidence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Sam ples around Chennai (Madras) City. J Food Sci Tech. 34(6), 506-508.
  • Oliveira CA, Rosmaninho J, Rosim R, (2006). Aflatoxin M1 and cyclopiazonic acid in fluid milk traded in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Food Addit Contam. 23(2), 196-201.
  • Oruç HH, Sonal S, (2001). Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in cheese and milk consumed in Bursa, Turkey. Vet Hum Toxicol. 43(5), 292-293.
  • Özkaya Ş, Başaran A, Kaymak T, Dikmen O, Kocabey M, Demirkazık G, Altındiş N, Ramis R, (2002). Türkiyede üretilmekte olan süt ve peynirlerde aflatoksin M1 aranması. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Koruma Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Gıdalarda Katkı-Kalıntı ve Bulaşanlarının İzlenmesi II, Bursa, 80-92.
  • Özmenteşe N, (2002). İstanbul piyasasından sağlanan süt ve süt ürünlerinin aflatoksin B1 ve M1 içerikleri yönünden yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromotografisi yöntemi ile araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, MÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Pereira MMG, De Carvalho EP, Prado G, Da Rocha Rosa CA, Veloso T, De Souza LAF, Ribeiro JMM, (2005). Detection of aflatoxins in dairy cattle feed and milk in Lavras, Minas Gerais-Brazil. Cienc Agrotec. 29(1), 106-112.
  • Piva G, Pietri A, Galazzi L, Curto O, (1988). Aflatoxin M1 occurrence in dairy products marketed in Italy. Food Addit Contam. 5(2), 133-139.
  • Rao SBN, Chopra RC, (2001). Influence of sodium bentonite and activated charcoal on aflatoxin M1 excretion in milk of goats. Small Rum Res. 41, 203-213.
  • Ridascreen Aflatoxin M1, (2006). Enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of aflatoxin M1, Art. No.:R1101. R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany.
  • Roussi V, Govaris A, Varagouli A, Botsoglou NA, (2002). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw and market milk commercialized in Greece. Food AdditContam. 19(9), 863-868.
  • Sarımehmetoğlu B, Kuplulu Ö, Çelik TH, (2004). Detection of aflatoxin M1 in cheese samples by ELISA. Food Cont. 15, 45-49.
  • Sassahara M, Netto DP, Yanaka EK, (2005). Aflatoxin occurrence in foodstuff supplied to dairy cattle and aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in the North of Parana State. Food Chem Toxicol. 43, 981-984.
  • Seyrek K, (2001). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri’ne bağlı birliklerde tüketilen beyaz peynirlerdeki aflatoxin M1 seviyesinin ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) metodu ile saptanması. Vet Hek Der Derg. 55-58.
  • Shundo L, Sabino M, (2006). Aflatoxin M1 in milk by immunoaffinity column clean up with TLC/HPLC determination. Braz J Microbiol. 37(2), 1517-1523.
  • Sonal S, Oruç HH, (2000). Bursa bölgesindeki tavuk çiftliklerinden sağlanan yemlerde mikotoksin düzeyleri. Y Y Ü Vet Fak Derg. 11(2), 1-6.
  • Steyn PS, (1998). The biosynthesis of mycotoxins. Revue Med Vet. 149(6), 469-678. 39. Stoloff L, (1980). Aflatoxin M1 in Perspective. J Food Prot. 43, 226-230.
  • Stoloff L, Wood G, Carter L, (1981). Aflatoxin M1 in manufactured dairy products produced in the United States in 1979. J Dairy Sci. 64(12), 2426-2430.
  • Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yönetmeliği (2008). Gıda Maddelerindeki Bulaşanların Maksimum Limitleri Hakkında Tebliğ. Erişim adresi: http://www.kkgm.gov.tr/TGK/Teblig/2008-26.html. Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2010.
  • Wiseman DW, Marth EH, (1983). Behaviour of aflatoxin M1 during manufacture and storage of queso Blanco and Bakers’ cheese. J Food Prot. 46 (10), 910-913.
  • Yiannikouris A, Jouany JP, (2002). Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review. Anim Res. 51, 81-99.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ali Gücükoğlu Bu kişi benim

Özgür Çadırcı Bu kişi benim

Necati Özpınar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2010
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Aralık 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gücükoğlu, A., Çadırcı, Ö., & Özpınar, N. (2010). UHT süt ve peynir örneklerinde aflatoksin M1 varlığının belirlenmesi. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 21(2), 45-50.


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