Phenotypic and genotypic investigation of antibiotic resistance, Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase, Ampicillin-C and Carbapenemase activity of Escherichia coli isolated from cattle, sheep and goat feces

Öz

In this study, antibiotic resistance, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESβL), Ampicillin-C (Amp-C), and Carbapenemase activities were investigated in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates obtained from sheep, goat, and cattle feces in Kırıkkale Province. The samples were identified using conventional methods and rapid diagnostic kits, and their resistance profiles were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic tests, according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), were used to determine ESβL, Amp-C, and Carbapenemase activities. Positive samples were further analyzed genotypically using PCR to detect resistance genes. Resistance was most commonly observed in sheep isolates, followed by cattle and goats, particularly against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. Phenotypic tests revealed 22 (24.4%) ESβL-positive isolates and one suspected Carbapenemase producer, while no Amp-C activity was detected. Genotypic analysis identified ESβL genes in 4 cattle (13.3%), 7 sheep (23.3%), and 11 goat (36.6%) isolates, with the SHV gene being the most prevalent. The single isolate phenotypically suspected of carbapenemase activity tested negative by PCR. Although the absence of Amp-C and carbapenemase activity is reassuring, the significant prevalence of ESβL-producing isolates raises concerns about the spread of antibiotic resistance. This highlights the need for monitoring and prudent antibiotic use in livestock management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amp-C
• Antimicrobial resistance
• Carbapenemase
• E. coli
• ESβL
• Feces.

Farklı Hayvan Dışkılarından Antibiyotik Dirençlilik Özelliklerinin Fenotipik ve Genotipik İncelenmesi

Öz

Kırıkkale İl’i ve çevresindeki koyun, keçi ve sığır dışkılarından izole edilen Escherichia coli (E. coli) izolatlarının antibiyotik dirençliliği, geniş spektrumlu Beta-laktamaz (GSβL), Ampicilin-C (Amp-C) ve Karbapenemaz aktiviteleri fenotipik ve genotipik olarak incelenmiştir. Toplanan 30 sığır, 30 koyun ve 30 keçi izolatında, Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile çoklu ilaç direnci araştırılmıştır. Fenotipik olarak GSβL, Amp-C ve Karbapenemaz aktiviteleri Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) doğrulama testleriyle değerlendirilmiş; GSβL genleri (CTX-M1, OXA-1, CTX-M9, SHV, TEM), Amp-C geni (FOX) ve Karbapenemaz genleri (IMP, KPC, OXA-48, VIM, NDM) klasik PCR ile incelenmiştir.Testler sonucunda direnç sıklığının sırasıyla koyun, sığır ve keçi izolatlarında en yüksek olduğu; en yüksek direnç oranının ise trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ve gentamicin antibiyotiklerine karşı geliştiği gözlenmiştir. Fenotipik olarak 22 (%24,4) GSβL pozitif, 1 (%1,1) karbapenemaz şüpheli izolat belirlenmiş; Amp-C pozitiflik gözlenmemiştir. Genotipik incelemede GSβL üretimi 4 sığır (%13,3), 7 koyun (%23,3) ve 11 keçi (%36,6) izolatında tespit edilmiş, SHV tipi genin yaygın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Karbapenemaz şüpheli sığır izolatı PCR ile negatif bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, Amp-C ve karbapenemaz aktivitesinin saptanmamasının olumlu olduğunu; ancak yüksek GSβL üretiminin antibiyotik dirençliliğinin yayılımı açısından önemli bir sorun teşkil ettiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amp-C
• Antimikrobiyal direnç
• E. coli
• Gaita
• GSβL
• Karbapenemaz

Kaynakça

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