Araştırma Makalesi

Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity

Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1 31 Mart 2026
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Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity

Öz

The study of drug–excipient interactions (DEI) is a critical aspect of the preformulation stage in pharmaceutical formulation development. The Maillard reaction is particularly reported in amine-containing excipients interacting with drug molecules possessing carbonyl groups, or vice versa, forming intermediate products that may be toxic in nature. The present study highlights the interaction between Rivaroxaban (RVI) and lactose monohydrate (LT) through the Maillard reaction. RVI is an oral anticoagulant with potent activity. The RVI–LT adduct was prepared by incubating RVI with LT at 60 °C in borate buffer (pH 9.2) for 12 hours. The formation of the adduct was assessed using spectroscopic and thermal techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. In silico molecular docking experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of adduct formation on the binding of RVI to its pharmacological target, Factor Xa. A significant loss of binding activity of the adduct, compared with native RVI, was revealed by docking experiments, indicating a potential reduction in anticoagulant potency. These were supported by in vitro chromogenic substrate assays for Factor Xa inhibition, with the adduct demonstrating reduced inhibitory activity. The present study identifies the susceptibility of RVI to Maillard-type interactions when formulated with LT, highlighting the imperative of prudent excipient selection in solid dosage forms to ensure therapeutic activity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Kavaytri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University

Etik Beyan

Articles submitted to this journal have not been published in other periodicals or sent for publication. In addition, articles submitted to the journal, evaluated and accepted by the referees, cannot be withdrawn from the journal. Article is own research work of authors and their contribution

Kaynakça

  1. Babazadeh miyandoab, A. A., Barghi, L., Yousefi, N., & Ghaderi, F. (2022). Evaluation of Ampicillin- Lactose Incompatibility Reactions at Solid-State Using Physicochemical Methods. Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences, 8(2), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.8.2.69

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Eczacılık Bilimleri, Eczacılıkta Analitik Kimya

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Mart 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

20 Temmuz 2025

Kabul Tarihi

5 Şubat 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Bachchhao, K., Goswami, A., Patil, C., & Patil, D. (2026). Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, 51(1), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1746938
AMA
1.Bachchhao K, Goswami A, Patil C, Patil D. Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;51(1):147-162. doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1746938
Chicago
Bachchhao, Kunal, Ajaygiri Goswami, Chandragouda Patil, ve Dipak Patil. 2026. “Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51 (1): 147-62. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1746938.
EndNote
Bachchhao K, Goswami A, Patil C, Patil D (01 Mart 2026) Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51 1 147–162.
IEEE
[1]K. Bachchhao, A. Goswami, C. Patil, ve D. Patil, “Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity”, Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, c. 51, sy 1, ss. 147–162, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1746938.
ISNAD
Bachchhao, Kunal - Goswami, Ajaygiri - Patil, Chandragouda - Patil, Dipak. “Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51/1 (01 Mart 2026): 147-162. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1746938.
JAMA
1.Bachchhao K, Goswami A, Patil C, Patil D. Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;51:147–162.
MLA
Bachchhao, Kunal, vd. “Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, c. 51, sy 1, Mart 2026, ss. 147-62, doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1746938.
Vancouver
1.Kunal Bachchhao, Ajaygiri Goswami, Chandragouda Patil, Dipak Patil. Investigation of Maillard-Type Drug–Excipient Interaction Between Rivaroxaban and Lactose: Implications for Stability and in-vitro Anticoagulant Activity. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 01 Mart 2026;51(1):147-62. doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1746938