Araştırma Makalesi

Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid

Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2 31 Ağustos 2026
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Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid

Öz

In this study, a foaming exfoliating face and body scrub formulation containing 5% lactic acid (alpha-hydroxy acid, AHA) was developed and its physicochemical, microbiological, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated at different production scales. The formulation contains lactic acid (5%, pH 3.5–4.0) as a chemical exfoliant, fine crystalline sucrose (30%) as a physical exfoliant, a combination of sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI) and cocamidopropyl betaine as the surfactant system, glycerin (10%) as a humectant, yellow iron oxide (CI 77492) as a colorant, and lemon peel essential oil (Citrus Limon Peel Oil) as a fragrance ingredient. The formulation was successfully scaled up from laboratory scale (100 mL) to semi-industrial scale (10,000 mL) without any modification to the original composition. Physicochemical characterization revealed that pH values remained within the target range (3.885–3.997) across all production scales, homogeneous appearance and organoleptic properties were maintained, and no phase separation was observed following centrifugal testing. Microbiological quality assessment demonstrated that total aerobic mesophilic microorganism and yeast/mould counts were below 10 CFU/g, and the absence criterion was met for all specified pathogenic microorganisms. Challenge testing conducted in accordance with TS EN ISO 11930:2019 confirmed that the preservative system reduced all five standard challenge organisms below the detection limit by day 14, maintaining efficacy through day 28. Three-month stability evaluation confirmed that pH, color, odor, appearance, and microbiological safety parameters remained stable under all tested storage conditions. These findings demonstrate the physicochemical stability, microbiological safety, and suitability of the developed formulation for commercial cosmetic product development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Etik Beyan

This study involved the development and physicochemical, microbiological, and stability characterization of a cosmetic formulation. No human subjects, animal experiments, or clinical trials were conducted in the course of this research. Accordingly, ethics committee approval was not required for this study.

Teşekkür

The author thanks Düzce University Coordination Office of Specialization in Environment and Health Technologies for providing the opportunity to use its infrastructure.

Kaynakça

  1. Andersen, F. A. (1998). Final report on the safety assessment of glycolic acid, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and sodium glycolates, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl glycolates, and lactic acid, ammonium, calcium, potassium, sodium, and TEA-lactates, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and butyl lactates, and lauryl, myristyl, and cetyl lactates. International Journal of Toxicology, 17(1), 1–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/109158189801700101

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

8 Nisan 2026

Kabul Tarihi

28 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Dikmen Küçük, S. (2026). Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, 51(2), 919-932. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1925704
AMA
1.Dikmen Küçük S. Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;51(2):919-932. doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1925704
Chicago
Dikmen Küçük, Sibel. 2026. “Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51 (2): 919-32. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1925704.
EndNote
Dikmen Küçük S (01 Ağustos 2026) Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51 2 919–932.
IEEE
[1]S. Dikmen Küçük, “Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid”, Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, c. 51, sy 2, ss. 919–932, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1925704.
ISNAD
Dikmen Küçük, Sibel. “Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 919-932. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1925704.
JAMA
1.Dikmen Küçük S. Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;51:919–932.
MLA
Dikmen Küçük, Sibel. “Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, c. 51, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 919-32, doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1925704.
Vancouver
1.Sibel Dikmen Küçük. Formulation, Scale-Up and Physicochemical Characterization of a Foaming Exfoliating Face and Body Scrub Containing 5% Alpha-Hydroxy Acid. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 01 Ağustos 2026;51(2):919-32. doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1925704