Aerobik Egzersizin Beyin Sağlığının Korunması ve Geliştirilmesi Üzerine Etkisi-Derleme Makalesi

Yıl 2023, , 101 - 113, 17.04.2023

Kübra Nur Menengiç , İpek Yeldan , Faize Elif Bahadır

https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1168312

Öz

Dünya genelinde yaşlanan nüfusun genel nüfusa oranının artması ile birlikte Alzheimer hastalığı gibi yaşla ilişkili nörodejeneratif hastalıkların daha sık ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Uzayan insan ömrü, beyin sağlığının korunmasının önemini artırmıştır. Beynin plastik bir yapı olduğu, yetişkinlik dönemi boyunca öğrenme, hafıza, dikkat gibi kognitif fonksiyonların belirli uygulamalarla geliştirilebileceği bilinmektedir. Fiziksel egzersiz, kognitif fonksiyonları geliştirmeye ve sürdürmeye yönelik stratejiler içerisinde, yan etkisinin bulunmaması, etkin maliyetli ve kolay ulaşılabilir olması gibi yönleriyle öne çıkmaktadır. Egzersizin özellikle aerobik formunun beyin sağlığı üzerine olumlu etkileri, birçok bilimsel çalışma ile gösterilmiştir. Araştırmacıların yoğunlukla üzerinde durduğu güncel sorulardan biri, egzersizin beynin yapı ve fonksiyonlarını hangi mekanizma ile etkilediğidir. Egzersizin beyin sağlığı üzerine pozitif etkilerinin, nörogenezis ile yeni nöron üretimi, anjiyogenezis ile serebral dolaşımın artması, kognitif fonksiyonlar ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülen beyin bölgelerindeki hacimsel artış, inflamasyonun baskılanması ve nörotrofin salgılanmasının uyarılması gibi fizyolojik mekanizmalar aracılığıyla gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, aerobik egzersizin kognitif fonksiyonları geliştirici etkisine dair mekanizmaların kısaca açıklanması hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca aerobik egzersiz uygulaması ile sağlıklı kişilerde kognitif fonksiyonları geliştirmeyi amaçlayan bilimsel çalışmalara yer verilmiş, bu çalışmalarda uygulanmış olan egzersiz reçeteleri, nitelikleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Egzersizin beyin sağlığını hangi mekanizma ile etkilediğinin anlaşılması, kognitif sağlığı korumak üzere en iyi egzersiz reçetesinin ne şekilde hazırlanabileceğinin belirlenmesinde yol gösterici olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer, kognitif fonksiyon, nöroinflamasyon, nörogenezis, serebral dolaşım

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışmamız herhangi bir kurum tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

Proje Numarası

Çalışmamız herhangi bir proje kapsamında yapılmamıştır.

Teşekkür

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The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Protection and Improvement of Brain Health-Review

Öz

With the aging population worldwide, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. It is important to maintain brain health throughout the extended human life. Plastic changes in brain continue in adulthood and cognitive functions such as learning, memory and attention can be improved. Exercise as a cost-effective, accessible and safe method is seen as a promising intervention to prevent and maintain cognitive functions. Growing evidence indicates that exercise, especially its aerobic form, has positive effects on brain health. The mechanism of exercise affecting brain health is one of the topics researchers are currently researching. Positive effects of exercise on brain health are thought to occur through physiological mechanisms such as new neuron generation with neurogenesis, increased cerebral circulation with angiogenesis, volumetric changes in brain regions thought to be related to cognitive functions, suppression of inflammation, and the stimulation of secretion of neurotrophins. In this review, it is aimed to briefly explain the mechanisms related to the effect of aerobic exercise to improve cognitive functions. In this review, it is aimed to briefly explain the mechanisms related to the effect of aerobic exercise to improve cognitive functions. Also, scientific literature aiming to improve cognitive functions with aerobic exercise application in healthy people was included, exercise prescriptions in these studies were examined in terms of quality. Understanding the mechanism by which exercise affects brain health can be a guide in determining how best exercise prescription can be prepared to protect cognitive health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer, cerebral circulation, cognitive function, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis

Proje Numarası

Çalışmamız herhangi bir proje kapsamında yapılmamıştır.

Kaynakça

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