Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar ve Nutrigenomik

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 386 - 394, 26.04.2022

Bahar Yalçın

Öz

Dünyada morbidite ve mortalitenin önde gelen nedenlerinden biri olan kardiyovasküler hastalıklar (KVH), çevresel ve genetik faktörlerden etkilenen karmaşık çok faktörlü hastalıklardır. Nutrigenomik, besin uyaranları ile genlerin tepkisi arasındaki moleküler ilişkileri inceleyen multidisipliner bir araştırma alanıdır. Son yıllarda genetik varyasyonların diyetle etkileşiminin kardiyovasküler hastalık riski üzerindeki etkileri sıklıkla çalışılan bir konudur. Tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri, çevre ve insan genomu arasındaki etkileşimden kaynaklanan evrimsel sürecin ayrılmaz bir bileşenidir. Bazı tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri bireysel besin gereksinimlerinin belirleyicileridir, ancak bazıları hastalıklara neden olabilir. Son zamanlarda nutrigenomik alanında yapılan çalışmalar, genotipin, kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini azaltabilecek diyet faktörlerine veya besin maddelerine yanıt verme üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Bu araştırmalarının genotip tabanlı kişiselleştirilmiş beslenme için bilimsel kanıtlar sunması beklenmektedir. Bu derlemede, KVH risk faktörlerini etkilediği bilinen bazı genetik polimorfizmlerin ve fenotipik belirteçlerin diyet alımı ile nasıl değiştirilebileceği özetlenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

genetik, diyet, genetik polimorfizm, Kardiyovasküler

Cardiovascular Diseases and Nutrigenomics

Öz

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, are complex multifactorial diseases affected by environmental and genetic factors. Nutrigenomics is a multidisciplinary field of research that studies the molecular relationships between food stimuli and the response of genes. In recent years, the effects of the interaction of genetic variations with diet on cardiovascular disease risk have become a frequently studied subject. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are an integral component of the evolutionary process resulting from the interaction between the environment and the human genome. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms are determinants of individual nutrient requirements, but some can cause disease. Recent studies in the field of nutrigenomics examine the effects of genotype on responsiveness to dietary factors or nutrients that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. These research projects are expected to provide scientific evidence for genotype-based personalized nutrition. In this review are summarized some genetic polymorphisms known to affect CVD risk factors and how their phenotypic manifestations can be modified by dietary intake.

Anahtar Kelimeler

genetics, diet, genetic polymorphism, cardiovascular

Kaynakça

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