Feminist Economics : A General Review

Yıl 2024, , 76 - 93, 30.12.2024

Aras Yolusever

https://doi.org/10.58620/fbujoss.1531679

Öz

Feminist economics is a heterodox approach that challenges traditional economic theories by emphasizing gender inequalities and advocating for more inclusive analyses. This interdisciplinary field critiques the exclusion of non-market activities, such as childcare and domestic work, from conventional economic models. It argues that the omission of these activities results in substantial gender bias. Feminist economics has introduced new perspectives on economic success through the capability approach developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. This approach focuses on individuals' potential to achieve well-being and justice rather than merely economic output like GDP or income. Key concepts within feminist economics include household bargaining, measurement of unpaid work, and advocating for policies that support gender equality and social justice. The field also employs interdisciplinary data collection methods, such as time-use surveys and qualitative interviews, to gather more accurate data on non-market activities and their economic value. This study offers an exploration of the fundamental concept, theoretical and historical framework of feminist economics. It will also highlight the political implications of the field, examine its global influence, and explore its connections to other related fields. Additionally, the study will analyze future of feminist economics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Feminist Economics, Heterodox Economics, Feminism, Gender Equality

Feminist İktisat : Genel Bir İnceleme

Öz

Feminist iktisati, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerini vurgulayarak ve daha kapsayıcı analizleri savunarak geleneksel ekonomi teorilerine meydan okuyan heterodoks bir yaklaşımdır. Bu disiplinler arası alan, çocuk bakımı ve ev işi gibi piyasa dışı faaliyetlerin geleneksel ekonomik modellerden dışlanmasını eleştirmektedir. Yaklaşım ayrıca bu faaliyetlerin göz ardı edilmesinin önemli ölçüde toplumsal cinsiyet önyargısına yol açtığını savunmaktadır. Bu iktisat okulu, Amartya Sen ve Martha Nussbaum tarafından geliştirilen yapabilirlik yaklaşımı aracılığıyla ekonomik başarıya yeni bakış açıları getirmiştir. Feminist iktisat aynı zamanda milli gelir gibi ekonomik çıktılardan ziyade bireylerin refah ve adalet elde etme potansiyeline odaklanmaktadır. Alanın temel kavramları arasında hane halkı pazarlığı, ev hanımlarının emeğinin ölçülmesi ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini ve sosyal adaleti destekleyen politikaların savunulması yer almaktadır. Bu alan ayrıca, piyasa dışı faaliyetler ve bunların ekonomik değeri hakkında daha doğru veriler toplamak için anketler ve nitel görüşmeler gibi disiplinler arası veri toplama yöntemleri kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, feminist iktisadın temel kavramlarının, teorik çerçevesinin ve tarihsel gelişiminin bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. Bununla beraber çalışma, alanın politika uygulamalarını ve önerilerini vurgulayacak, küresel etkisini inceleyecek ve diğer ilgili alanlarla bağlantılarını araştıracaktır. Son olarak feminist iktisadın geleceği tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Feminist İktisat, Heteredoks İktisat, Feminizm, Cinsiyet Eşitliği

Kaynakça

• Agenjo-Calderón, A., & Gálvez-Muñoz, L. (2019). Feminist Economics: Theoretical and Political Dimensions. Am J Econ Sociol, 78: 137-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12264
• Agenjo-Calderón, A., Del Moral-Espín, L., & Clemente-Pereiro, R. (2022). 15-M movement and feminist economics: an insight into the dialogues between social movements and academia in Spain. Social Movement Studies, 22(3), 324–342.
• Alfama, E., Bona, Y., & Callén, B. (2005). La virtualización de la afectividad. Athenea Digital, 7, 1–17.
• Anderson, E. (1995). Feminist Epistemology: An Interpretation and a Defense. Hypatia, 10(3), 50–84.
• Ashraf, N., Field,E., & and Lee, J. (2014). Household Bargaining and Excess Fertility: An Experimental Study in Zambia. American Economic Review, 104 (7): 2210–37.
• Baland, J.M., & Ziparo, R. (2018). Intra-Household Bargainin in Poor Countries. In S. Anderson, L. Beaman, J. Platteau (Eds.). Towards Gender Equity in Development.
• Becchio, G. (2019). A History of Feminist and Gender Economics, New York: Routledge. Becker, G. (1981). A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Benería, L. (1981). Conceptualizing the Labor Force: The Underestimation of Women’s Economic Activities. Journal of Development Studies, 17(3), 10–28.
• Blau, F., Marianne, F., & Winkler, A. (2001). The Economics of Women, Men and Work. NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Borgerson, K. (2020). Feminist Empiricism. The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Philosophy of Science.
• Boserup, E. (1970). Woman's Role in Economic Development. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Butcher, K. F., McEwan, P. J., & Weerapana, A. (2024). Women’s Colleges and Economics Major Choice: Evidence from Wellesley College Applicants. Feminist Economics, 30(2), 123–161.
• Campbell, R. (1994). The Virtues of Feminist Empiricism. Hypatia, 9(1), 90–115.
• Campbell, R. (1998). Illusions of paradox: A feminist naturalized epistemology. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
• Dongre, A., Singhal, K., & Das, U. (2024). “Missing” Women in Economics Academia in India. Feminist Economics, 30(2), 89–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2024.2322951
• Duman, A. (2023). The Gendered Relationship Between Temporary, Informal Employment and Wages: Evidence from the Turkish Labor Market. Feminist Economics, 29(4), 194–222.
• Elster, J. (1983). Sour Grapes: Studies in the Subversion of Rationality. New York: Cambridge University Press. E rasmo, V. (2024). ‘Who are the capability theorists?’: a tale of the origins and development of the capability approach. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 48(3), 425–450.
• Ferber, M., and Julie N. (Ed.). (1993). Beyond Economic Man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Folbre, N. (2011). Greed, Lust and Gender. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Harding, S. (1986). Feminism and Methodology: Social Sciences Issues. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
• Hodgson, G. (2007). The Problem of Historical Specificity. In S. Ioannides and N.Klauss (Ed.). Economics and Social Sciences. Boundaries, Interaction and Integration (pp. 112–138). Cheltenham, UK: Edgard Elgar.
• Hundleby,C. (2011). Feminist Empiricism. Handbook of Feminist Research: Theory and Praxis, 28-45.
• Intemann, K. (2010). 25 Years of Feminist Empiricism and Standpoint Theory: Where Are We Now? Hypatia, 25(4), 778–796. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010. 01138.x
• Intemann, K. (2023). Evidence and Power: Feminist Empiricist Approaches to Evidence. The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence.
• Iqani, M. (2023). The Crooked Codes of the Luxury Handbag: Narratives of Empowered Feminine Consumption in Africa. Feminist Economics, 29(3), 178-198.
• Jacobsen, J. P. (2020). Advanced Introduction to Feminist Economics. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Jayasundara, S. (2023). Why Educating Girls Is More Important?: Human Capital, Human Rights and Capability approaches to the Importance of Girls’ Education (Dissertation). Retrieved from https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-221562, Accessed 03.10.2024.
• Julie, N. (1995). Feminism and Economics. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(2), 131-148.
• Kim, M. (2023). Gender in Economics Fifty Years Ago and Today: Feminist Economists Speak. Review of Radical Political Economics, 55(1), 8-25.
• Longino, H. (1990). Science as social knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press
• Longo, G.M. (2020). Feminist Empiricism. In N.A. Naples (Ed.). Companion to Feminist Studies, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119314967.ch13.
• López-García, D., & Molina M. (2021). An Operational Approach to Agroecology-Based Local Agri-Food Systems. Sustainabilityi, 13(15), 8443. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158443
• Marçal, K. (2016). ¿Quién le hacía la cena a Adam Smith? Una historia de las mujeres y la economía. Barcelona: Penguin Random House.
• Mellor, M. (1997). Feminism and Ecology. Cambridge: Polity Press
• Moran, C. (2020). Why Feminist Economics is Necessary. Retrieved from https://www.exploring- economics.org/en/discover/Why-feministeconomics-is-necessary/, Accessed 21.07.2024
• Murphy, S. (2023). Gender and Poverty.The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Poverty.
• Nelson, L.H. (1990). Who knows? From Quine to a feminist empiricism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
• Nelson, J.A. (1995). Feminism and Economics. The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 9 (2), 131–148. doi:10.1257/jep.9.2.131.
• Nussbaum, M., & Amartya, S. (1993). The Quality of life. New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198287971.
• Power, M. (2004). Social Provisioning as a Starting Point for Feminist Economics. Feminist Economics. 10 (3), 3–19. doi:10.1080/1354570042000267608.
• Prateorius, I. (2015). The Care-Centered Economy. Henrich Böll Stiftung Publication Series Economy + Social Sciences, 16. Retrieved from https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/the_care-centered_economy.pdf, Accessed 20.07.2024.
• Robeyns, I. (2020). Capability Approach. In G.Berik and E. Kongar (Ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Economics, New York: Routledge.
• Sandoval, C. (1991). U.S. third-world feminism: The theory and method of oppositional consciousness in the postmodern world. Genders, 10, 1–24.
• Sen, A. (1990). Gender and Cooperative Conflicts. In I.Tinker (Ed.). Persistent Inequalities; Women and World Development (pp. 123–149). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Stanton, E.A. (2007). The Human Development Index: A History. Political Economy Research Institute Working Paper Series, 127, https://doi.org/10.7275/1282621
• Tuana, N. (1992). The Radical Future of Feminist Empiricism. Hypatia, 7(1), 100–114. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.1992.tb00700.x
• Urban, J., & Pürckhauer, A. (2016). The Perspectives of Pluralist Economics. Retrieved from https://www.exploring-economics.org/en/orientation/feminist-economics/, Accessed 30.07.2024.
• Van Marle, K. (2003). ‘The Capabilities Approach', `The Imaginary Domain', and `Asymmetrical Reciprocity': Feminist Perspectives on Equality and Justice. Feminist Legal Studies, 11, 255–278.
• Yap, A. (2016). Feminist Radical Empiricism, Values, and Evidence. Hypatia, 31(1), 58–73. doi:10.1111/hypa.12221.
• Young, B. (2023). COVID-19 and the gender dilemma: blind spots in both macroeconomics and feminist economics. Handbook on Critical Political Economy and Public Policy, 65-79. Zhllima, E., Pojani, D., Merkaj, E., & Imami, D. (2022). Unlanded Class: Albania’s Gender Gaps in Land Ownership and Inheritance. Feminist Economics, 29(2), 32–63.
• Waring, M. (1990). If Women Counted: A New Feminist Economics. San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishers.
• Wood, D., & Deprez, L. S. (2012). Teaching for Human Well-being: Curricular Implications for the Capability Approach. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 13(3), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2012.679651
• Wylie, A. (2003). Why standpoint matters. In R. Figueroa and S. Harding (Ed.). Science and other cultures: Issues in philosophies of science and technology, New York: Routledge.