Geçiş dönemi adalet mekanizmasında kadınlara ne oluyor? Tecavüz suçu ve Ruanda için Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi'nde ele alınışının incelenmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 0 - 13, 01.12.2014

Bilge Şahin

https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000119

Öz

Uluslararası Hukuk'a, hukukun eril doğası içinde meydana gelen toplumsal cinsiyet yapılarının yeniden üretilmesi hakim olmaktadır. Tecavüz suçu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, silahlı çatışmalarda erkeklere ve kadınlara tanınmış sınırlı rol ve deneyimler, çatışma sonrası uzlaşıyı sınırlandırmaktadır. Silahlı çatışmalarda, erkekler karar verenler ve savaşanlar iken kadınlar kurbanlar olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, savaş sonrası toplumlarda bu kısıtlı rol ve deneyimler hukuken etkili olabilmeyi engellemektedir. Bu çalışma söz konusu hukuki yapıyı Ruanda için Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi'nin eril doğasını inceleyerek açıklamaya çalışacaktır. Çalışma, Mahkeme'nin silahlı çatışmalarda gerçekleşen tecavüz suçları için uzlaşı sağlama çabasından uzak olduğunu ve toplumsal cinsiyet normlarını yeniden ürettiğini göstermeye çalışacaktır. Kadınlara geçiş dönemi adalet mekanizmalarında neler olduğu analiz edilerek, tecavüz kurbanlarının adalet bulup bulmadığı sorusuna yanıt bulunmaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anahtar Kelimeler: Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Geçiş Dönemi Adalet Mekanizması, Ruanda, Uzlaşı, Tecavüz.

What is happening to women in transitional justice? Analysing the crime of rape and its reconciliation in the ICTR

Öz

International law is dominated by the reproduction of gendered structures originating in the masculine nature of law. In respect of rape in armed conflicts the prescribed roles of men and women and the respective experiences they make severely limit subtantial reconciliation. In armed conflicts, men are considered decision-makers and fighters whereas women are regularly regarded as victims. Hence, their respective roles and experiences in post-conflict societies have constrained effective legal efforts. I will exemplify this by examining the masculine nature of the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTR . I propose that the ICTR case law illustrates the lack luster reconciliation efforts of the international community in response to rape crimes in armed conflicts and reproduces gender norms. By analyzing what happens to women in transitional justice mechanisms, I will address the question of whether rape survivors can find reconciliation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Keywords: Gender, transitional justice, Rwanda, reconciliation, rape.

Kaynakça

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