Tarım Arazilerinin Toprak Kalitesi Değerlendirmelerinde Biyokimyasal Özelliklerinin Kullanımı

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 11, 17 - 28, 01.06.2019

Nurullah Acir Hikmet Günal

Öz

Toprak kalitesinin tanımlanması, toprakların ekosistem hizmetlerini sürdürülebilir bir şekilde sağlamalarını temin edecek şekilde kullanma, koruma ve yönetim amacını gütmektedir. Zaman içerisinde, toprak kalitesindeki değişimin izlenmesi, toprağın fonksiyonlarını yerine getirmesine engel olan uygulamaların veya kullanımların tespit edilmesini ve mümkünse değiştirilmesini yapabilmeyi sağlar. Toprak yönetimi ile ilgili kararların etkinliği ve başarısı, toprağın fonksiyonlarını sunmasına katkısı olan ölçülebilir göstergelerin değerlendirilmesi ve izlenmesi ile mümkün olabilir. Göstergelerin, arazi yönetimine ve kimyasal kirleticilere karşı hassas olan toprak özelliklerinden olması ve toprağın fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerini ve süreçlerini entegre etmesi önemlidir. Bu kapsamda, toprak organik maddesinin ayrışmasında, besin döngüsünde, toprak kirleticilerin parçalanmasında, toprak strüktürünün oluşumunda ve dayanıklılığında kilit rol oynayan ve topraktaki canlıların göstergesi olan biyokimyasal özellikler en yarayışlı göstergelerdir. Özellikle toprağın yüzey katmanında bulunan toprak canlıları, kuraklık nedeniyle oluşan stres, taşkın, organik maddenin azalması ve artan kirletici konsantrasyonlarına karşı çok hızlı tepi verdiklerinden, toprak kalitesindeki değişimin erkenci göstergeleri olarak kabul edilirler

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikrobiyal biyokütle, potansiyel mineralize olabilir azot, enzim, organik madde

The Use of Biochemical Properties in Evaluating the Soil Quality of Agricultural Lands

Öz

The assessment of soil quality aims to use, conserve and manage the soils to ensure sustainable provisioning of ecosystem services. Monitoring the changes in soil quality over time enables the detection and, if possible, the modification of practices or uses preventing the functioning potential of soils. The efficiency and success of soil management decisions can only be possible by evaluating and monitoring measurable indicators that contribute to the performing of soil functions. The indicators are soil properties that are sensitive to land management and chemical pollutants and should integrate the physical, chemical and biological properties and processes of the soil. In this context, biochemical properties are the most useful indicators of soil quality and play a key role in the decomposition of soil organic matter, in the nutrient cycle, in the breakdown of soil pollutants, in the formation and stability of soil structure. The biological indicators are also considered as the indicative of living things in the soil. Soil organisms, especially in the surface layer of the soil, are accepted as early indicators of the change in soil quality as they react very quickly to stress caused by drought, flood, decline in organic matter and increase concentration of pollutants

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microbial biomass, potentially mineralized nitrogen, enzyme, organic matter

Kaynakça

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