Karbon Fiyatlandırması Seçenekleri ve Tasarım Sorunları

Öz

Karbon fiyatlandırması, iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede en temel politika aracıdır. Bu amaçla kullanılan iki temel seçenek karbon vergisi ve emisyon ticareti sistemidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı her iki seçeneği: Çevresel Etkinlik, Yönetim, Gelirin Kullanımı, Politik Kabul ve Rekabet Edebilirlik açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Bu karşılaştırmanın sonucunda önemli olanın hangi politika aracının uygulanması gerektiğinden daha çok bir tasarım sorunu olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada hem karbon vergisinin hem de emisyon ticareti sisteminin ikilim değişikliği ile mücadelede etkinliğini artıracak tasarım konuları sıralanmıştır. Bu tasarım değişiklikleri henüz bir karbon fiyatlandırma politikası bulunmayan Türkiye dahil birçok ülke açısından gelecekte yapılacak reformlar için bir perspektif sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karbon Fiyatlandırması
• Karbon Vergisi
• Emisyon Ticareti Sistemi
• Sınırda Karbon Düzenlemesi
• İklim Eylemleri
• Sera Gazı Emisyonu

Carbon Pricing Options and Design Issues

Öz

Carbon pricing is the most fundamental policy tool in the fight against climate change. The two main options used for this purpose are the carbon tax and the emissions trading system. The aim of this study is to compare both options in terms of environmental efficiency, administration, allocation of income, political acceptance and competitiveness. As a result of this comparison, it was observed that what matters is a design issue rather than which policy tool should be applied. In this context, the design issues that will increase the effectiveness of both the carbon tax and the emission trading system in combating climate change are listed in the study. These design changes will provide a perspective for future reforms for many countries, including Turkey, which do not yet have a carbon pricing policy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karbon Fiyatlandırması
• Karbon Vergisi
• Emisyon Ticareti Sistemi
• Sınırda Karbon Düzenlemesi
• İklim Eylemleri
• Sera Gazı Emisyonu

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