TÜRKİYE'DE GELİR VERGİSİNİN ÜCRETLİLER ÜZERİNDE OLUŞTURDUĞU ETKİNLİK KAYBININ ÖLÇÜLMESİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 29 - 59, 01.11.2016

Hünkar Güler

Öz

Optimal vergi politikasında üç eğilim gözlenmektedir. Bu eğilimler; gelirin düz oranlı vergilendirilmesi, yüksek gelire sıfır marjinal vergi oranı uygulanması ve vergilendirmenin dolaylı vergilere kaydırılmasıdır. Bu eğilimlere paralel olarak Türk vergi sisteminin dolaylı vergiler ve ücretliler üzerine kaydığı gözlenmektedir. Türkiye'de gelir vergisinin ücretliler üzerinde oluşturduğu etkinlik kaybı Harberger-Browning kısmi denge analizinden hareketle 2008 - 2014 yılları için hesaplanmaktadır. Hesaplamalarda dikkati çeken en önemli husus işgücü arz esnekliği ve artan oranlılık arttıkça etkinlik kaybının artmasıdır. Asgari ücretliler üzerindeki kaybın çok sınırlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Ücretliler bir bütün olarak dikkate alındığında, özellikle asgari ücretlilerin etkisiyle, etkinlik kaybı hafiflemektedir. Türkiye'de etkin bir vergi yapısı oluşturmak için düşük gelirlilere ve çocuklu ailelere yönelik sosyal yardımlar güçlendirilmeli, ücretlerle birlikte sermaye gelirleri vergilendirilmeli, dolaylı vergiler ''adalet'' açısından yeniden değerlendirilmeli ve detaylı gelir vergisi beyannamesi doldurulmalı ve bu beyannameler istatistiksel olarak sınıflandırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelir Vergisi, Ücretliler, Etkinlik Kaybı

Measurement Of The Efficiency Loss Of Personal Income Tax On Wage Earners In Turkey

Öz

Three consequential trends have been observed in the optimal tax policy. These trends are to, first, place a levy on personal income proportionally; second, have a zero marginal tax rate for higher income and last, make taxation shift to indirect taxes. In harmony with these progresses, the Turkish tax system is predominantly made of indirect taxes and personal income tax on wage earners. The efficiency analysis of personal income tax on wage earners in Turkey is measured by means of the Harberger-Browning Partial Equilibrium Analysis for 2008 - 2014. This analysis shows that the higher the elasticity of labor supply and tax progressivity, the higher efficiency loss. It is observed that efficiency loss on minimum wage earners is limited. Moreover, efficiency loss on whole wage earners is eased when taking minimum wage earners into account. Therefore, the position of this paper is to establish an effective tax system in Turkey, by strengthening social assistance for lower income and families with children, levying capital income along with wage income, reviewing indirect taxes in regard to

Anahtar Kelimeler

Personal Income Tax, Wage Earners, Efficiency Loss

Kaynakça

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