Testicular SOD, GSH-Px and MDA Levels in Experimental Toxicity of Formaldehyde and Protective Effect of ω-3 Fatty Acids

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 1 - 4, 01.02.2008

İlter Kuş İsmail Zararsız Murat Ögetürk H. Ramazan Yılmaz Mustafa Sarsılmaz

Öz

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of formaldehyde toxicity on the testes at biochemical level. Potential antioxidant effects of ω-3 fatty acids against these toxic effects were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: In our study, a total of 21 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups. Rats in group I were used as control. Rats in group II were injected intraperitoneally with formaldehyde every other day while the other ones received ω-3 fatty acids daily via intragastric gavage (Marincap capsule®) with injections of formaldehyde. At the end of 14-days experimental period, all animals were killed by decapitation and their testes were removed. Afterwards, the activites of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in testicular tissue specimens were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: Biochemical values of group-treated formaldehyde alone showed that the enzymatic activities of testicular SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased compared to control values, while testicular MDA levels were significantly increased. On the other hand, it was found that there were increases in SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities, and decreases in MDA levels in testis specimens of rats administered ω-3 fatty acids with exposure of formaldehyde. Conclusions: In this study performed on rats, it was determined biochemically that oxidative tissue damage in testes resulting from experimental toxicity of formaldehyde was prevented by omega-3 fatty acids.. ©2008, , Firat University, Medical Faculty

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Deneysel Formaldehit Toksisitesinde Testis SOD, GSH-Px, MDA Düzeyleri ve ω-3 Yağ Asitlerinin Koruyucu Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Biyokimyasal düzeyde yapmış olduğumuz bu çalışmada, formaldehit toksisitesinin testisler üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Bunun yanı sıra, bu toksisiteye karşı omega-3 yağ asitlerinin olası antioksidan etkileri de değerlendirildi.. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, toplam 21 adet Wistar-Albino cinsi erişkin erkek sıçan üç eşit gruba ayrıldı. I. gruptaki sıçanlar kontrol olarak kullanıldı. II. gruptaki hayvanlara gün aşırı olarak ve de intraperitoneal yolla formaldehit enjekte edildi. Son gruptaki sıçanlara ise formaldehit enjeksiyonu ile birlikte intragastrik gavaj yoluyla ve günlük olarak omega-3 yağ asiti (Marincap kapsül®) verildi. 14 günlük uygulama periyodu sonunda bütün hayvanlar dekapite edilerek testisleri çıkartıldı. Daha sonra testis doku örneklerine ait süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px) enzim aktivasyonları ile malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri spektrofotometrik olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Sadece formaldehit verilen gruba ait biyokimyasal değerler incelendiğinde, testis SOD ve GSH-Px enzim aktivasyonlarının kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir biçimde azalmış olduğu, MDA düzeylerinin ise yine anlamlı bir şekilde yükseldiği görüldü. Diğer yandan, formaldehit uygulaması ile birlikte omega-3 yağ asiti verilen sıçanlarda, testis doku örneklerine ait SOD ve GSH-Px enzim değerlerinin arttığı, MDA seviyelerinin de azaldığı tespit edildi. Sonuç: Sıçanlar üzerinde gerçekleştirmiş olduğumuz bu çalışmada, deneysel formaldehit toksisitesi sonucu testislerde meydana gelen oksidatif doku hasarının omega-3 yağ asitleri tarafından engellendiği biyokimyasal olarak ortaya kondu.©2008, Fırat Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi

Anahtar Kelimeler

Formaldehit, testis, oksidatif doku hasarı, Omega-3 yağ asitleri

Kaynakça

• Smith AE. Formaldehyde. Occup Med 1992; 42: 83-88.
• Usanmaz SE, Akarsu ES, Vural N. Neurotoxic effects of acute and subacute formaldehyde exposures in mice. Envir Toxicol Pharmacol 2002; 11: 93-100.
• Monteiro Riviere NA, Popp JA. Ultrastructural evaluation of acute nasal toxicity in the rat respiratory epitelium in response to formaldehyde gas. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1986; 6: 251-262.
• Morgan KT, Patterson DL, Gross EA. Responses of the nasal mucocliary apparatus of F-344 rats to formaldehyde gas. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986; 82: 1-13.
• Kilburn KH, Warshaw R, Thornton JC. Formaldehyde impairs memory, equilibrium, and dexterity in histology technicians: effects which persist for days after exposure. Arch Environ Health 1987; 42: 117-120.
• Zararsiz I, Kus I, Akpolat N, et al. Protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex of rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2006; 24: 237-244.
• Songur A, Akpolat N, Kus I, et al. The effects of the inhaled formaldehyde during the early postnatal period in the hippocampus of rats: a morphological and immunohistochemical study. Neurosci Res Commun 2003; 33: 168-178.
• Thrasher JD, Kilburn KH. Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. Archieves of Environmental Health 2001; 56: 300- 311.
• Chowdhury AR, Gautam AK, Patel KG, Trivedi HS. Steroidogenic inhibition in testicular tissue of formaldehyde exposed rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1992; 36: 162-168.
• Sarsılmaz M, Özen OA, Akpolat N, Kuş İ, Songur A. Subakut dönemde solunan formaldehitin sıçanların Leydig hücreleri üzerindeki histopatolojik etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 1999; 13: 37-40.
• Ozen OA, Akpolat N, Songur A, et al. Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rat testes: an immunohistochemical study. Toxicol Ind Health 2005; 21: 249- 254.
• Nordoy A. Is there a rational use for n-3 fatty acids (fish oils) in clinical medicine? Drugs 1991; 42: 331-342.
• Bourre JM, Bonneil M, Chaudiere J, et al. Structural and functional importance of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in the nervous system. Adv Exp Med Bio 1992; 318: 211-229.
• Masters C. Omega-3 fatty acids and the peroxisome. Mol Cell Biochem 1996; 165: 83-93.
• Stone NJ. Fish consumption, fish oil, lipids and coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 1083-1086.
• Miyasaka CK, Alves de Souza JA, Torres RP, et al. Effects of the administration of fish oil by gavage on activities of antioxidant enzymes of rat lymphoid organs. Gen Pharmacol 1998; 30: 759- 762.
• Zararsız İ, Sönmez MF, Yılmaz HR, ve ark. Sıçanlarda formaldehit uygulamasıyla akciğerlerde oluşan hasar üzerine omega-3 yağ asitlerinin koruyucu etkisi. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi 2004; 20: 93-98.
• Zararsiz I, Sonmez MF, Yilmaz HR, et al. Effects of -3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced nephropathy in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2006; 22: 223-229.
• Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 1988; 34: 497-500.
• Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterisation of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 1967; 70: 158-169.
• Esterbauer H, Cheeseman KH. Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4-hidroxynonenal. Methods Enzymol 1990; 186: 407-421.
• Lowry O, Rosenbraugh N, Farr L, Rondall R. Protein measurement with the Folin-phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 183: 265-275.
• Halperin WE, Goodman M, Stayner L, et al. Nasal cancer in a worker exposed to formaldehyde. JAMA 1983; 249: 510-516.
• Taskinen H, Kyyronen P, Hemminki K, et al. Laboratory work and pregnancy outcome. J Occup Med 1994; 36: 311-319.
• Zhou DX, Qui SD, Zhang J, Tian H, Wang HX. The protective effect of vitamin E against oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in the testes of adult rats. Asian J Androl 2006; 8: 584-588.
• Tang M, Xie Y, Yi Y, Wang W. Effects of formaldehyde on germ cells of male mice. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2003; 32: 544-548.
• Majumder PK, Kumar VL. Inhibitory effects of formaldehyde on the reproductive system of male rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1995; 39: 80-82.
• Akyol Ö. Beyin tümörlerinde doku SOD, CAT ve GSH-Px aktiviteleri. Uzmanlık tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Biyokimya Bölümü, Ankara 1994.
• Sarsilmaz M, Songur A, Ozyurt H, et al. Potential role of dietary -3 essential fatty acids on some oxidant/antioxidant parameters in rats’ corpus striatum. Prostag Leukotr Ess 2003; 69: 253-259.
• Lonergan PE, Martin DS, Horrobin DF, Lynch MA. Neuroprotective effect of eicosapentaenoic acid in hippocampus of rats exposed to gamma-irradiation. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 20804- 20811.
• Martin DS, Lonergan PE, Boland B, Fogarty MP, Brady M. Apoptotic changes in the aged brain are triggered by interleukin1- induced activation of p38 and reversed by treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 34239-34246.
• Takezaki T, Inoue M, Kataoka H, et al. Diet and lung cancer risk from a 14-year population-based prospective study in Japan: with special reference to fish consumption. Nutr Cancer 2003; 45: 160- 167.
• Kamal KK, Gomaa A, El Khafif M, Hammad AS. Plasma lipid peroxides among workers exposed to slica or asbestos dust. Environ Res 1989; 49: 173-180.
• Hallivel B. Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease; curiosity, course or consequence? Lancet 1994; 344: 721-724.
• Kabul Tarihi:21.07.2007