Analysis of antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in boric acid applied Camellia sinensis L.

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 108 - 114, 30.08.2024

Işıl Sezekler

https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1444404

Öz

Consumption of Camellia sinensis L. (tea), a popular beverage, is very common today. In addition to its consumption as a beverage, it is suggested that adding tea to other foods can increase their antioxidant activities. It is known that boric acid used as an insecticide, herbicide, and fungicide, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of extracts prepared in different solvents of tea grown in soil treated with boric acid. The area in Rize/Türkiye was divided into 4 groups. No application was made to the control group (B0 group). Boric acid prepared in sodium tetraborate buffer was applied to the other three areas as a single dose at concentrations of 100 (group B1), 300 (group B3), and 500 (group B5) mg m-2. The obtained tea leaves were ground and infused in water, 20% ethanol, and 50% ethanol by the classical infusion method. The extracts obtained after infusion were analyzed for TPC, TFC, and AC. It was determined that ethanol (20% and 50%) was better solvent than water in terms of TPC, TFC, and AC. Although the TPC of extracts prepared in water of tea leaves grown in soils where different doses of boric acid were applied did not change, differences were observed in their flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacities. These results indicated that boric acid should be at a certain dose to improve the quality of the tea plant. In addition, different solvents can be used to reveal more of the tea content.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant capacity, boric acid, C. sinensis, flavonoid content, green tea, phenolic content

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Marmara University

Proje Numarası

FEN-A-040712-0277

Teşekkür

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Marmara University. Project no: FEN-A-040712-0277.

Kaynakça

• Ahmad, W., Zia, M. H., Malhi, S. S., Niaz, A., & Ullah, S. (2012). Boron deficiency in soils and crops: a review. Crop Plant, 65-97.
• Ahmed, A. R., Alqahtani, N. K., Ramadan, K. M., Mohamed, H. I., Mahmoud, M. A., & Elkatry, H. O. (2023). The bioactive substances in spent black tea and Arabic coffee could improve the nutritional value and extend the shelf life of sponge cake after fortification. ACS omega, 8(37), 33593-33609.
• Bae, J., Kim, N., Shin, Y., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, Y. J. (2020). Activity of catechins and their applications. Biomedical Dermatology, 4(1), 8.
• Balci, M., & Taban, S. (2023). Effect of boron applications on boron concentration of the leaves under the harvest base of tea plant. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 46(2), 184-200.
• Baruah, B. K., Haque, A., Das, B., Medhi, C., & Misra, A. K. (2011). Boron in soil and water samples in some tea garden belt of Golaghat district, Assam. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(4), 298-305.
• Baruah, S., Bordolor, A. K., Gogor, M. K., Gogoin, R. C., & Hazarika, M. (2012). Study of antioxidant property in differenttypes of tea and its utilization in the development ofsome popular itemslike tea ice cream. Two and a Bud, 59(2), 102-105.
• Baskaya Sezer, D. (2023). Farklı basınç büyüklükleri ve çözücülerin böğürtlen (Rubus plicatus L.) ekstraktlarının fonksiyonel özelliklerine ve renk stabilitesine etkisi. Food and Health, 9(3), 242-253.
• Buran, A., Topdemir, A. & Öztürk, A. (2022). Farklı çözücülerle ekstrakte edilen Papaver somniferum L. çeşitlerinin antioksidan ve fenolik madde miktarlarının belirlenmesi. 2nd International Conference on Engineering and Applied Natural Sciences, Konya, Türkiye. 17-22.
• Bursal, E., Aras, A., Doğru, M., & Kılıç, Ö. (2021). Phenolic content, antioxidant potentials of Saponaria prostrata endemic plant. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 5(1), 1-8.
• Cabrera, M., Taher, F., Llantada, A., Do, Q., Sapp, T., & Sommerhalter, M. (2021). Effect of water hardness on catechin and caffeine content in green tea infusions. Molecules, 26(12), 3485.
• Camacho Cristóbal, J. J., Rexach, J., & González-Fontes, A. (2008). Boron in plants: deficiency and toxicity. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50(10), 1247-1255.
• Coklar, H., & Akbulut, M. (2016). Alıç (Crataegus orientalis) meyvesinin antioksidan aktivitesi ve fenolik bileşiklerinin ekstraksiyonu üzerine farklı çözgenlerin etkisi. Derim, 33(2), 237-248.
• Dirar, A. I., Alsaadi, D. H. M., Wada, M., Mohamed, M. A., Watanabe, T., & Devkota, H. P. (2019). Effects of extraction solvents on total phenolic and flavonoid contents and biological activities of extracts from Sudanese medicinal plants. South African Journal of Botany, 120, 261-267.
• Goh, R., Gao, J., Ananingsih, V. K., Ranawana, V., Henry, C. J., & Zhou, W. (2015). Green tea catechins reduced the glycaemic potential of bread: an in vitro digestibility study. Food Chemistry. 180, 203–210.
• Gohain, T., Barbora, A. C., & Deka, A. (2000). Effect of boron on yield and quality of tea. Journal of Plantation Crops, 28(1), 68-71.
• Hayat, K., Iqbal, H., Malik, U., Bilal, U., & Mushtaq, S. (2015). Tea and its consumption: benefits and risks. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55(7), 939-954.
• Hajiboland, R., Bahrami-Rad, S., & Bastani, S. (2013). Phenolic metabolism in boron-deficient tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] plants. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 64(2), 196-206.
• Juan C. A., Pérez de la Lastra J. M., Plou F. J., & Pérez-Lebeña E. (2021). The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revisited: Outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and induced pathologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9), 4642.
• Karak, T., Kutu, F. R., Nath, J. R., Sonar, I., Paul, R. K., Boruah, R. K., ... & Dutta, A. K. (2017). Micronutrients (B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) content in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion with health prospect: A critical review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(14), 2996-3034.
• Keller, A., & Wallace, T. C. (2021). Tea intake and cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review. Annals of Medicine, 53(1), 929-944.
• Koshiba, T., Kobayashi, M., & Matoh, T. (2009). Boron deficiency: how does the defect in cell wall damage the cells?. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 4(6), 557-558.
• Kumar, R. (2017). Response of foliar application of micronutrients on physiological, biological characteristics and yield of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in Darjeeling hill. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 3(3), 66-74.
• Li, N., Zhou, X., Wang, J., Chen, J., Lu, Y., Sun, Y., … & Zhang, L. (2022). White tea alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating energy expenditure and lipid metabolism. Gene, 833, 146553.
• Liang, Z., Zhang, P., Ma, W., Zeng, X. A., & Fang, Z. (2024). Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and comprehensive phenolic profiles of tea-macerated Chardonnay wine and model wine. Food Chemistry, 436, 137748.
• Mashkour, M., Azari, A., Hashemi Shahraki, M., Raeisi, M., & Ebrahimi, M. (2022). Effect of green tea powder on physicochemical properties and glycemic potential of sponge cake. Journal of Food Quality, 2022 (1), 1065710.
• Ning, J., Hou, G. G., Sun, J., Wan, X., & Dubat, A. (2017). Effect of green tea powder on the quality attributes and antioxidant activity of whole-wheat flour pan bread. LWT - Food Science Technology, 79, 342-348.
• Ntamo, Y., Jack, B., Ziqubu, K., Mazibuko-Mbeje, S. E., Nkambule, B. B., Nyambuya, T. M., ... & Dludla, P. V. (2024). Epigallocatechin gallate as a nutraceutical to potentially target the metabolic syndrome: Novel insights into therapeutic effects beyond its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 64(1), 87-109.
• Owuor, P. O., Obanda, M., Nyirenda, H. E., & Mandala, W. L. (2008). Influence of region of production on clonal black tea chemical characteristics. Food Chemistry, 1(108), 263-271.
• Pereira, G. L., Siqueira, J. A., Batista-Silva, W., Cardoso, F. B., Nunes-Nesi, A., & Araújo, W. L. (2021). Boron: More than an essential element for land plants?. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 610307.
• Phongnarisorn, B., Orfila, C., Holmes, M., & Marshall, L. J. (2018). Enrichment of biscuits with matcha green tea powder: Its impact on consumer acceptability and acute metabolic response. Foods, 7(2), 17.
• Prasanth, M. I., Sivamaruthi, B. S., Chaiyasut, C., & Tencomnao, T. (2019). A review of the role of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in antiphotoaging, stress resistance, neuroprotection, and autophagy. Nutrients, 11(2), 474.
• Prieto, P., Pineda, M., & Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphormolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269, 337-341.
• Ramlah, R. (2017). Penentuan suhu dan waktu optimum penyeduhan daun teh hijau (Camellia sintesis L.) P+2 terhadap kandungan antioksidan kafein, tanin dan katekin, Undergraduated Thesis, (pp. 1-87). Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Endonezya.
• Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
• Srinivasan, P., Sabitha, K. E., & Shyamaladevi, C. S. (2007). Attenuation of 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide induced in vitro lipid peroxidation by green tea polyphenols. Life Sciences, 80(12), 1080-1086.
• Wu, Y. Y., Li, W., Xu, Y., Jin, E. H., & Tu, Y. Y. (2011). Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B, 12(9), 744-751.
• Yolci, M. S., Tunçtürk, R., & Tunçtürk, M. (2022). Farklı ekstraksiyon çözücüleri kullanılarak aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çiçeklerinin toplam fenol, flavonoid miktarları ve antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 5(1), 97-109.
• Yu, K., Zhou, H. M., Zhu, K. X., Guo, X. N., & Peng, W. (2020). Water cooking stability of dried noodles enriched with different particle size and concentration green tea powders. Foods, 9(3), 298.
• Zhao, T., Li, C., Wang, S., & Song, X. (2022). Green tea (Camellia sinensis): A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Molecules, 27(12), 3909.
• Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64, 555-559.