Doğal Afet Risk Yönetiminde DünyaBankası Modeli

Öz

Doğal afetler, ölümlere, yaralanmalara ve/veya maddi hasar kayıplarına neden olan doğa olayları olarak tanımlanabilir. Doğal afetler literatürde sıklıkla ani, şiddetli, planlanmamış, doğrudan doğa olayları ile meydana gelenler(Otero, Marti, 1995:14) ya da insanların neden olduğu,tahmin edilebilir ve önlenebilir doğal afetler olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır(Manion, Evan 2001:6), (Steinberg, 2000:48.) Örneğin şiddetli yağışlar sonucu olan seller doğal afet kaynaklı iken, sığınmacı göçmenlerin kapasiteyi aşan şekilde botlarla ulaşımlarındaki batma-boğulma kazaları gibi doğal afetler, insan kaynaklıdırlar. Ancak doğal afetlerin neden oldukları hasarlar ve bu hasarların giderilmesinde izlenen risk yönetim yöntemleri ülkelere göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı doğal afet türlerine göre izlenen risk finansman yöntemlerini Dünya Bankası özelinde irdelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğal Afetler, Doğal Afet Risk Yönetimi, Doğal Afetlerin Finansmanı, Dünya Bankası’nın Doğal Afet Finansman Teknikleri

World Bank's Natural Disaster Risk Financing Model

Öz

Natural disasters defineable as natural events whic is causing property damage losses, deaths and / or injuries. In the literature, Natural disasters are classified as direct natural events ,which is occurring with often sudden, severe, unplanned, and human-induced natural disasters(Otero, Marti, 1995:14), which are predictable and avoidable natural disasters (Manion, Evan 2001:6), (Steinberg, 2000: 48).For example, while floods caused by heavy rains induced natural disasters, natural disasters such as the sinking-drowning accidents of refugee immigrants in transport by boat in the way of the excess of boots transport capacity are human-induced. But the damage caused by natural disasters and followed risk management methods for the elimination of this damage varies according to the country. In this context, the purpose of the study is to examine the kinds of natural disaster risk financing methods of World Bank, which are followed according to the types of natural disasters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Natural Disasters, Natural Disasters Risk Management, Finance, Natural Disaster, The World Bank’s Natural Disaster Financing Techniques

Kaynakça

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