Gelişmiş AB Ülkeleri için İşsizlik Yakınsamasının Mekansal Ekonometrik Analizi

Öz

Uluslararası emek mobilitesi işçilerin ülkeler arasındaki hareketi olarak tanımlanır. 1995-2013 dönemlerini kapsayan bu çalışmada gelişmiş AB ülkeleri (Avusturya, Belçika, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Fransa, Almanya, İrlanda, İtalya, Lüksemburg, Hollanda, Portekiz, İspanya, İsveç ve İngiltere) için işsizlik yakınsaması mekansal ekonometri tekniği ile araştırılmıştır. Yunanistan’ın sınır komşuları gelişmiş AB ülkeleri kategorisinde olmadıkları için Yunanistan analizden çıkarılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda mekansal etki bulunmuş fakat yakınsama olgusu desteklenememiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İşsizlik,yakınsama,mekansal ekonometri

Spatial Econometric Analysis of Unemployment Convergence for Developed EU Countries

Öz

International labor mobility can be described as the movement of workers between countries. In this study, which covers 1995-2013 period, we have searched for unemployment convergence in developed EU countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and UK) with spatial econometrics technique. Greece has been omitted from the analysis because its bordering neighbours are not considered as developed countries of EU. As a result of this study, spatial effect has been found, but convergency was not been supported

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unemployment,convergence,spatial econometrics

Kaynakça

1. ANSELIN, Luc, Le GALLO, Julie, JAYET, Hubert; (2008)
2. “Spatial Panel Econometrics In L. Matyas, P.Sevestre (eds), The Econometrics of Panel Data” pp. 625-660, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ANSELIN, Luc; (1988), “Spatial econometrics: Methods and models”, Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer
3. ANSELİN, Luc; (2001), “Spatial econometrics In A companion to theoretical econometrics”, edited by B. H. Baltagi, 310-30. Malden: Blackwell.
4. BADDELEY, Michelle, MARTIN, Ron and TYLER, Pe- ter; (1998), “European regional unemployment disparities
5. Convergence or persistence?” European Urban and Regional Studies, (5), pp. 195–215. BAYER, Christian and JUESSEN, Falko; (2007), “Conver- gence in West German Regional Unemployment Rates”, Ger- man Economic Review, 8,pp. 510-535.
6. BEYER, Robert C.M and STEMMER, Michael A. ; (2016), “Po- larization or convergence? An analysis of regional unemploy- ment disparities in Europe over time”, Economic Modelling,55, pp. 373–381.
7. BOERI, T., and JIMENO, J.F; (2016), “Learning from the great divergence in unemployment in Europe during the crisis”, La- bour Economics, 41, pp. 32-46.
8. BRATU, Mihaela; (2014), “The Convergence of Unemployment

9. Rate in European Union”, Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldiş, Arad - Seria Ştiinţe Economice, 24(3), pp.62-69. COSTANTINI, Mauro and LUPI, Claudio; (2006), “Divergence and long-run equilibria in Italian regional unemployment”, Ap- plied Economics Letters, 13 (14),pp. 899-904.
10. DE FIGUEIREDO, Eric Alencar; (2010), “Dynamics of regional unemployment rates in Brazil: Fractional behavior, structural breaks and Markov switching”, Economic Modelling, 27, pp. – 908.
11. DIAZ, Ana Maria; (2011), “ Spatial Unemployment Differentials in Colombia”, Universite Catholique de Louvain Working Paper.
12. ELHORST, Jean Paul; (2003), Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models, International Regional Science Re- view, 26(3), pp. 244-268.
13. GOMES, Fabio Augusto Reis and DA SILVA, Cleomar Gomes; (2006), “Hysteresis vs. Nairu and Convergence vs. Diver- gence: The Behavior of Regional Unemployment Rates In Bra- zil”, Technical report.
14. KATRENCIK, David, WOJCIK, Piotr and TYROWICZ, Joanna; (2008), “Unemployment Convergence in Transition .” MPRA Paper No. 1538, pp. 1-17.
15. KÖKOCAK, A. Kadir, YILMAZ, Mesut ve DEMİRCİ, Nedret; (2015), “İşsizlik Olgusu Ve İstihdam Artırıcı Stratejiler”
16. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi International Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business, 7(1), ss. 109-121. KURTULMUŞ, Sevgi; (1998), “Avrupa Birliği’nde İşsizlik ve İşsizliği Önleme Politikaları”, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Der- gisi, ss. 159-179.
17. LEE, Lung Fei; (2001a.), “Asymptotic distributions of quasi- maximum likelihood estimators for spatial econometric models
18. I. Spatial autoregressive processes.” Ohio State University. LEE, Lung Fei; (2001b.), “Asymptotic distributions of quasi- maximum likelihood estimators for spatial econometric models
19. II. Mixed regressive, spatial autoregressive processes.” Ohio State University. MAGNUS, Jan; (1982), “Multivariate Error Componemts Analy- sis of Linear and Nonlinear Regression Models by Maximum likelihood”, Journal of Econometrics,19, pp. 239-85.
20. RIOS, Vicente; (2014), “What Drives Regional Unemployment Rate Disparities in European Regions?”, Regional Studies, pp. 13. SELAMOĞLU, Ahmet; (2002), “ Gelişmiş Ülkelerde İstihdam
21. Politikaları, Esneklik Arayışı ve Etkileri”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4, ss. 33-63. TOBLER Waldo R. ; (1979), Cellular geography. In: Gale S
22. Olsson G (eds), Philosophy in geography, pp. 379–386. TYROWICZ, Joanna and WOJCIK, Piotr ; (2010a), “Region- al Dynamics of Unemployment in Poland. A Convergence
23. Approach,” in Floro Ernesto Caroleo and Francesco Pas- tore (eds.), The Labour Market Impact of the EU Enlargement: A New Regional Geography of Europe? Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 149–173. data.worldbank.org