BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 636, 71 - 87, 01.02.2018

Oğuz Başol

Öz

Ekolojik sisteme ve çevreye duyarlı işlerde, insan onuruna yakışır standartlarda sunulan işler olarak tanımlanan yeşil işler; çevre, insan, büyümeye dayalı politikalar, yaratılan işlerin hızı ve kalitesi ve işlerin çıktılarının faydaları noktalarında kahverengi işlerden ayrılmaktadır. Yeşil işlere ilişkin eleştiriler yönelten yazarlar olmasına karşın; yeşil işlerde istihdam edilen bireylerin sayısı önemli bir noktaya gelmiştir. Ülkemizde toplam istihdamın %0,30’u (80.827 kişi), AB ülkelerinde %2’si (4.290.000 kişi), ABD’de %2,3’ü (3.401.279) ve OECD ülkelerinde %1,5’i yeşil işlerde çalışanlardan oluşmaktadır. Mevcut araştırma, yeşil işlerin dünyada ve Türkiye’deki gelişim sürecini incelemeyi, yeşil işler ile kahverengi işler arasındaki farkları ortaya koymayı ve yeşil işlerin istihdam üzerindeki etkilerini teorik bir çerçevede ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; yeşil işlerin dünyada ve Türkiye’deki istihdam problemine bir çare mi, yoksa işsizliğe yol açan bir etmen mi olduğu sorusuna net bir cevap vermenin zor olduğu görülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

yeşil işler kahverengi işler istihdam işsizlik

Kaynakça

  • ALVAREZ, Gabriel Calzada, JARA, Raquel Merino and JULIAN, Juan Ramón Rallo; (2009), Study of the Effects on Employment of Public Aid to Renewable Energy Sources, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. APOLLO ALLIANCE; (2008), Green-Collar Jobs in America’s Cities: Building Pathways Out of Poverty and Careers in the Clean Energy Economy, Apollo Allinace, Green for All Publishing, USA. ARIAS, Charles; (2009), “Going Green to Make Green”, Sustainability, 2(3), pp. 152-156.
  • ARLI YILMAZ, Selen; (2014), Yeşil İşler ve Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Alanındaki Potansiyeli, Kalkınma Bakanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi, Kalkınma Bakanlığı Yayını No: 2887, Ankara.
  • AROUN, Woodrajh; (2012), “Climate Jobs and Manufacturing in South Africa”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 231-248.
  • ATLAMA, Sevilay ve ÖZSOY, Ceyda; (2011), “The Possible Effects of Green Economy on Employment”, EconAnadolu 2011: Anadolu International Conference in Economics II June 15-17, 2011, Eskişehir, Turkey.
  • BAŞ, Mehmet; (2013), “Yeşil Büyüme ve Türkiye”, İşveren, 51(3), ss. 84-86.
  • BAŞOL, Oğuz; (2015), Yeşil ve Kahverengi İşlerin İş Doyumu Açısından Karşılaştırılması Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
  • BAYKAN, Barış Gencer; (2009), “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil Yakalılar”, BETAM Araştırma Notu, No: 37.
  • BAYKAN, Barış Gencer; (2010), “Kamuda Yeşil Yakalılar”, BETAM Araştırma Notu, No: 67.
  • BOREL-SALADIN, Jacqueline Madeleine ve TUROK, Ivan Nicholas; (2013), “The Green Economy: Incremental Change or Transformation?”, Environmental Policy and Governance, 23, 209-220.
  • BOWEN, Alex and KURALBAYEVA, Karlygash; (2015), Looking for Green Jobs: The Impact of Green Growth on Employment, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and Global Green Growth Institute. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS; (2013), Employment in Green Goods and Service Report, USDL-13-0476.
  • CHAN, Chris King-chi and LAM, Maggie Ching; (2012), “The Reality and Challenges of Green Jobs in China: An Exploration”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 189-207.
  • CHANG, Young-Bae, HAN, Jae-Kak and KIM, Hyun-Woo; (2012), “Green Growth and Green New Deal policies in the Republic of Korea: Are They Creating Decent Green Jobs?”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 150-171.
  • CLAYTON, Richard; (2013), United States Bureau of Labor Statistics: Green Jobs Initiative, Department of Labor, USA.
  • COOK, Sarah, SMITH, Kiah and UTTING, Peter; (2012), Green Economy or Green Society? Contestation and Policies for a Fair Transition, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • DEVLET PLANLAMA TEŞKİLATI; (1995), Yedinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 1996-2000, DPT Yayınları, Ankara.
  • DEVLET PLANLAMA TEŞKİLATI; (2000), Uzun Vadeli Strateji ve Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 2001-2005, DPT Yayınları, Ankara.
  • ECORYS; (2012), The Number of Jobs Dependent on the Environment and Resource Efficiency Improvment
  • ECORYS Publications, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  • EFENDİOĞLU, Ümit Deniz; (2013a), “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Yolunda Yeşil İşler”, Kariyer Gündemi, 3, ss. 9-11.
  • EFENDİOĞLU, Ümit Deniz; (2013b), “Yeşil Ekonomide İnsana Yakışır İşler Projesi”, İşveren, 51(3), ss. 82-83.
  • ERCOŞKUN, Özge Yalçıner; (2010), “Yeşil Yakalı Kavramı ve Türkiye’deki Yeşil Yakalılar”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 19(3), ss. 25-48
  • EUROSTAT; (2015), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/statistics-illustrated (Erişim Tarihi: 21.06.2014).
  • EUROSTAT; (2017), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Environmental_economy_-_employment_ and_growth (Erişim Tarihi: 20.09.2017).
  • FURCHTGOTT-ROTH, Diana; (2012), “The Elusive and Expensive Green Job”, Energy Economics, 34, pp. 43-52.
  • GREEN SKILLS NETWORK; (2012), Emerging Green Jobs in Canada: Insights for Employment Counsellors into the Changing Labour Market and its Potential for Entry-Level Employment, First 1 Work Publications, Toronto, Canada.
  • HOUSE OF COMMONS ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT COMMITTEE; (2009), Green Jobs and Skills: Second Report of Session 2008–09, The Stationery Office Limited, London.
  • ILO; (2011), Building a Sustainable Future with Decent Work in Asia and the Pacific, ILO Publications, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ILO; (2012a), The Green Jobs Programme of the ILO, ILO Publications, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ILO; (2012b), Working towards Sustainable Development: Opportunities for Decent Work and Social Inclusion in a Green Economy, ILO Publications, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ILO; (2014), Green Jobs Mapping Study in Malaysia: An Overview Based on Initial Desk Research, ILO Publications, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ILO; (2017), http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/green-jobs/areasof-work/lang--en/index.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2017).
  • INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AGENCY; (2014), Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2014, International Renewable Energy Agency Publications, United Arab Emirates.
  • JACOB, Klaus, QUITZOW, Rainer and BÄR, Holger; (2015), Green Jobs: Impacts of a Green Economy on Employment, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Frankfurt-Germany.
  • KIROV, Vassil and BERGE, Jerry van den; (2012), “Green and Decent?: Working Conditions in the Waste Sector in Europe and Implications for Trade Union Policy”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 173- 188.
  • LEHR, Ulrike, NITSCH, Joachim, KRATZAT, Marlene, LUTZ, Christian and EDLER Dietmar; (2008), “Renewable Energy and Employment in Germany”, Energy Policy, 36, pp. 108-117.
  • LESSER, Jonathan; (2010), “Renewable Energy and the Fallacy of ‘Green’ Jobs”, The Electricity Journal, 23(7), pp. 45-53.
  • MORRISS, Andrew, BOGART, William, DORCHAK, Andrew and MEINERS, Roger; (2009), Seven (7) Myths About Green Jobs, Case Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-14.
  • MURO, Mark, ROTHWELL, Jonathan and SAHA, Devashree; (2011), Sizing the Clean Economy: A National and Regional Green Jobs Assessment, Philadelphia Water Department, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
  • NTAR; (2008), Green Jobs: A Resource Guide for Individuals with Disabilities, NTAR Publications, USA.
  • OECD; (2012), Green Growth and Developing Countries: A Summary for Policy Makers, OECD Publications, Paris, France.
  • OECD; (2017), Energy, Transport and Environment Indicators. Eurostat Publications, Luxemburg.
  • OLSEN, Lene; (2012), “What Policies for a Green Economy That Works for Social Progress?”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 135-149.
  • ÖZSOY, Ceyda; (2011), “Yeşil Ekonominin Dinamikler: Yeşil İşler ve Beceriler”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 562, ss. 19-32.
  • ÖZSOY, Ceyda; (2013), “Yeşil Yakalı Çalışanlar: Türkiye Potansiyel Yeşil İşlere Hazır mı?”, Kariyer Gündemi, 3, ss. 20-23.
  • PESTEL, Nico; (2014), Employment Effects of Green Energy Policies, IZA World of Labor, Report No: 2014/76.
  • PETERS, David, EATHINGTON, Liesl and SWENSON, David; (2011), An Exploration of Green Job Policies, Theoretical Underpinnings, Measurement Approaches, and Job Growth Expectations, Industrial Research and Services at Iowa State University, USA.
  • POLLIN, Robert, GARRETT-PELTIER, James Heintz and SCHARBER, Helen; (2008), Green Recovery: A Program to Create Good Jobs and Start Building a Low-Carbon Economy, American Progress Publications, USA.
  • RAYMOND, Nancy Falxa, SVENDSEN, Erika and CAMPBELL, Lindsay K.; (2013), “From Job Training to Green Jobs: A Case Study of a Young Adult Employment Program Centered on Environmental Restoration in New York City, USA”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 12, pp. 287-295.
  • RESMİ GAZETE; (2006), Dokuzuncu Kalkınma Planı (2007- 2013), Resmi Gazete, 1 Temmuz 2006, Sayı: 26215.
  • RUSTICO, Lisa and SPEROTTI, Francesca; (2012), “Working Conditions in “Green Jobs”: Women in the Renewable Energy Sector”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 209-229.
  • RUTOVITZ, Jay and ATHERTON, Alison; (2009), Energy Sector Jobs to 2030: A Global Analysis, Greenpeace International.
  • STIGLITZ, Joseph E.; (2002), “Employment, Social Justice and Societal Well-Being”, International Labour Review, 141(1-2), pp. 9-29.
  • T.C. KALKINMA BAKANLIĞI; (2013), Onuncu Kalkınma Planı: 2014-2018, Kalkınma Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara.
  • TURAN, Feryal; (2014), “Çevre Dostu Şirketler: Yeşil Göz Boyama Mı Çevresel Üretim Mi?”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi, 17(Ağustos).
  • TÜİK; (2005), “Kamu Kuruluşlarında Çevresel İstihdam ve Harcamalar, 2003-2004”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, No: 33.
  • TÜİK; (2006), “Kamu Sektöründe Çevresel İstihdam ve Harcamalar 2005”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, No: 174.
  • TÜİK; (2008), “Kamu Kuruluşlarında Sektöründe Çevresel İstihdam ve Harcamalar 2006”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, No: 55

An Evaluation Regarding the Development of Green Jobs in the World and in Turkey

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 636, 71 - 87, 01.02.2018

Oğuz Başol

Öz

Green jobs, defined as eco-friendly and decent jobs, differ from brown jobs in terms of the environment, human, expansionary policies, the rapidity, and quality of jobs and the benefits of the outputs of jobs. Though there are some authors criticizing green jobs, the number of employees working in green jobs has come to a remarkable point. In Turkey, 0,30% (80.827 people), in EU countries 2% (4.290.000 people), in USA 2,3% (3.401.279 people) and in OECD countries 1,5% of the total employment is composed of the employees working in green jobs. The present research aims to examine the development process of green jobs in the world and in Turkey, to reveal the differences between green jobs and brown jobs and to address the impacts of green jobs on employment within a theoretical framework. According to the findings, it is showed that it seems difficult to give a clear answer to the question whether green jobs are a remedy to the problems of employment or a factor that leads to unemployment in the world and in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

green jobs brown jobs employment unemployment

Kaynakça

  • ALVAREZ, Gabriel Calzada, JARA, Raquel Merino and JULIAN, Juan Ramón Rallo; (2009), Study of the Effects on Employment of Public Aid to Renewable Energy Sources, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. APOLLO ALLIANCE; (2008), Green-Collar Jobs in America’s Cities: Building Pathways Out of Poverty and Careers in the Clean Energy Economy, Apollo Allinace, Green for All Publishing, USA. ARIAS, Charles; (2009), “Going Green to Make Green”, Sustainability, 2(3), pp. 152-156.
  • ARLI YILMAZ, Selen; (2014), Yeşil İşler ve Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Alanındaki Potansiyeli, Kalkınma Bakanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi, Kalkınma Bakanlığı Yayını No: 2887, Ankara.
  • AROUN, Woodrajh; (2012), “Climate Jobs and Manufacturing in South Africa”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 231-248.
  • ATLAMA, Sevilay ve ÖZSOY, Ceyda; (2011), “The Possible Effects of Green Economy on Employment”, EconAnadolu 2011: Anadolu International Conference in Economics II June 15-17, 2011, Eskişehir, Turkey.
  • BAŞ, Mehmet; (2013), “Yeşil Büyüme ve Türkiye”, İşveren, 51(3), ss. 84-86.
  • BAŞOL, Oğuz; (2015), Yeşil ve Kahverengi İşlerin İş Doyumu Açısından Karşılaştırılması Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.
  • BAYKAN, Barış Gencer; (2009), “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil Yakalılar”, BETAM Araştırma Notu, No: 37.
  • BAYKAN, Barış Gencer; (2010), “Kamuda Yeşil Yakalılar”, BETAM Araştırma Notu, No: 67.
  • BOREL-SALADIN, Jacqueline Madeleine ve TUROK, Ivan Nicholas; (2013), “The Green Economy: Incremental Change or Transformation?”, Environmental Policy and Governance, 23, 209-220.
  • BOWEN, Alex and KURALBAYEVA, Karlygash; (2015), Looking for Green Jobs: The Impact of Green Growth on Employment, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and Global Green Growth Institute. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS; (2013), Employment in Green Goods and Service Report, USDL-13-0476.
  • CHAN, Chris King-chi and LAM, Maggie Ching; (2012), “The Reality and Challenges of Green Jobs in China: An Exploration”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 189-207.
  • CHANG, Young-Bae, HAN, Jae-Kak and KIM, Hyun-Woo; (2012), “Green Growth and Green New Deal policies in the Republic of Korea: Are They Creating Decent Green Jobs?”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 150-171.
  • CLAYTON, Richard; (2013), United States Bureau of Labor Statistics: Green Jobs Initiative, Department of Labor, USA.
  • COOK, Sarah, SMITH, Kiah and UTTING, Peter; (2012), Green Economy or Green Society? Contestation and Policies for a Fair Transition, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • DEVLET PLANLAMA TEŞKİLATI; (1995), Yedinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 1996-2000, DPT Yayınları, Ankara.
  • DEVLET PLANLAMA TEŞKİLATI; (2000), Uzun Vadeli Strateji ve Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 2001-2005, DPT Yayınları, Ankara.
  • ECORYS; (2012), The Number of Jobs Dependent on the Environment and Resource Efficiency Improvment
  • ECORYS Publications, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  • EFENDİOĞLU, Ümit Deniz; (2013a), “Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Yolunda Yeşil İşler”, Kariyer Gündemi, 3, ss. 9-11.
  • EFENDİOĞLU, Ümit Deniz; (2013b), “Yeşil Ekonomide İnsana Yakışır İşler Projesi”, İşveren, 51(3), ss. 82-83.
  • ERCOŞKUN, Özge Yalçıner; (2010), “Yeşil Yakalı Kavramı ve Türkiye’deki Yeşil Yakalılar”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 19(3), ss. 25-48
  • EUROSTAT; (2015), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/statistics-illustrated (Erişim Tarihi: 21.06.2014).
  • EUROSTAT; (2017), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Environmental_economy_-_employment_ and_growth (Erişim Tarihi: 20.09.2017).
  • FURCHTGOTT-ROTH, Diana; (2012), “The Elusive and Expensive Green Job”, Energy Economics, 34, pp. 43-52.
  • GREEN SKILLS NETWORK; (2012), Emerging Green Jobs in Canada: Insights for Employment Counsellors into the Changing Labour Market and its Potential for Entry-Level Employment, First 1 Work Publications, Toronto, Canada.
  • HOUSE OF COMMONS ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT COMMITTEE; (2009), Green Jobs and Skills: Second Report of Session 2008–09, The Stationery Office Limited, London.
  • ILO; (2011), Building a Sustainable Future with Decent Work in Asia and the Pacific, ILO Publications, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ILO; (2012a), The Green Jobs Programme of the ILO, ILO Publications, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ILO; (2012b), Working towards Sustainable Development: Opportunities for Decent Work and Social Inclusion in a Green Economy, ILO Publications, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ILO; (2014), Green Jobs Mapping Study in Malaysia: An Overview Based on Initial Desk Research, ILO Publications, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ILO; (2017), http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/green-jobs/areasof-work/lang--en/index.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2017).
  • INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AGENCY; (2014), Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2014, International Renewable Energy Agency Publications, United Arab Emirates.
  • JACOB, Klaus, QUITZOW, Rainer and BÄR, Holger; (2015), Green Jobs: Impacts of a Green Economy on Employment, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Frankfurt-Germany.
  • KIROV, Vassil and BERGE, Jerry van den; (2012), “Green and Decent?: Working Conditions in the Waste Sector in Europe and Implications for Trade Union Policy”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 173- 188.
  • LEHR, Ulrike, NITSCH, Joachim, KRATZAT, Marlene, LUTZ, Christian and EDLER Dietmar; (2008), “Renewable Energy and Employment in Germany”, Energy Policy, 36, pp. 108-117.
  • LESSER, Jonathan; (2010), “Renewable Energy and the Fallacy of ‘Green’ Jobs”, The Electricity Journal, 23(7), pp. 45-53.
  • MORRISS, Andrew, BOGART, William, DORCHAK, Andrew and MEINERS, Roger; (2009), Seven (7) Myths About Green Jobs, Case Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-14.
  • MURO, Mark, ROTHWELL, Jonathan and SAHA, Devashree; (2011), Sizing the Clean Economy: A National and Regional Green Jobs Assessment, Philadelphia Water Department, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
  • NTAR; (2008), Green Jobs: A Resource Guide for Individuals with Disabilities, NTAR Publications, USA.
  • OECD; (2012), Green Growth and Developing Countries: A Summary for Policy Makers, OECD Publications, Paris, France.
  • OECD; (2017), Energy, Transport and Environment Indicators. Eurostat Publications, Luxemburg.
  • OLSEN, Lene; (2012), “What Policies for a Green Economy That Works for Social Progress?”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 135-149.
  • ÖZSOY, Ceyda; (2011), “Yeşil Ekonominin Dinamikler: Yeşil İşler ve Beceriler”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 562, ss. 19-32.
  • ÖZSOY, Ceyda; (2013), “Yeşil Yakalı Çalışanlar: Türkiye Potansiyel Yeşil İşlere Hazır mı?”, Kariyer Gündemi, 3, ss. 20-23.
  • PESTEL, Nico; (2014), Employment Effects of Green Energy Policies, IZA World of Labor, Report No: 2014/76.
  • PETERS, David, EATHINGTON, Liesl and SWENSON, David; (2011), An Exploration of Green Job Policies, Theoretical Underpinnings, Measurement Approaches, and Job Growth Expectations, Industrial Research and Services at Iowa State University, USA.
  • POLLIN, Robert, GARRETT-PELTIER, James Heintz and SCHARBER, Helen; (2008), Green Recovery: A Program to Create Good Jobs and Start Building a Low-Carbon Economy, American Progress Publications, USA.
  • RAYMOND, Nancy Falxa, SVENDSEN, Erika and CAMPBELL, Lindsay K.; (2013), “From Job Training to Green Jobs: A Case Study of a Young Adult Employment Program Centered on Environmental Restoration in New York City, USA”, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 12, pp. 287-295.
  • RESMİ GAZETE; (2006), Dokuzuncu Kalkınma Planı (2007- 2013), Resmi Gazete, 1 Temmuz 2006, Sayı: 26215.
  • RUSTICO, Lisa and SPEROTTI, Francesca; (2012), “Working Conditions in “Green Jobs”: Women in the Renewable Energy Sector”, International Journal of Labour Research: Are “Green” Jobs Decent?, 4(2), pp. 209-229.
  • RUTOVITZ, Jay and ATHERTON, Alison; (2009), Energy Sector Jobs to 2030: A Global Analysis, Greenpeace International.
  • STIGLITZ, Joseph E.; (2002), “Employment, Social Justice and Societal Well-Being”, International Labour Review, 141(1-2), pp. 9-29.
  • T.C. KALKINMA BAKANLIĞI; (2013), Onuncu Kalkınma Planı: 2014-2018, Kalkınma Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara.
  • TURAN, Feryal; (2014), “Çevre Dostu Şirketler: Yeşil Göz Boyama Mı Çevresel Üretim Mi?”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi, 17(Ağustos).
  • TÜİK; (2005), “Kamu Kuruluşlarında Çevresel İstihdam ve Harcamalar, 2003-2004”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, No: 33.
  • TÜİK; (2006), “Kamu Sektöründe Çevresel İstihdam ve Harcamalar 2005”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, No: 174.
  • TÜİK; (2008), “Kamu Kuruluşlarında Sektöründe Çevresel İstihdam ve Harcamalar 2006”, TÜİK Haber Bülteni, No: 55
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Oğuz Başol

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 636

Kaynak Göster

APA Başol, O. (2018). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar(636), 71-87.
AMA Başol O. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme. FPEYD. Şubat 2018;(636):71-87.
Chicago Başol, Oğuz. “Dünyada Ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, sy. 636 (Şubat 2018): 71-87.
EndNote Başol O (01 Şubat 2018) Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 636 71–87.
IEEE O. Başol, “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme”, FPEYD, sy. 636, ss. 71–87, Şubat 2018.
ISNAD Başol, Oğuz. “Dünyada Ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme”. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 636 (Şubat 2018), 71-87.
JAMA Başol O. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme. FPEYD. 2018;:71–87.
MLA Başol, Oğuz. “Dünyada Ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, sy. 636, 2018, ss. 71-87.
Vancouver Başol O. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yeşil İşlerin Gelişimine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme. FPEYD. 2018(636):71-87.