İnovasyonun Doğrudan ve Dolaylı İhracat Eğilimi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Bu makale farklı gelir gruplarından ülkelerde faaliyet gösteren firmaların dığrudan ve dolaylı ihracat eğiliminin belirleyicilerini inovasyonun rolüne odaklanarak analiz etmektedir. Bu amaçla, Dünya Bankası İşletme Anketi’nde yayınlanan firma düzeyinde veriler kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları firmaların ihracat eğilimi ile inovasyon faaliyetleri arasındaki ilişkide inovasyonun içselliğine işaret etmektedir. Bu içsellik kontrol edildiğinde, firmaların ürün ve süreç yeniliği yapmaları doğrudan ve dolaylı ihracat yapma olasılıklarını arttırmaktadır. Bu etki, doğrudan ihracat üzerinde daha yüksektir. Ayrıca ürün yeniliği yapmak süreç yeniliği yapmaya kıyasla ihracat eğilimini daha fazla arttırmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, ihracat kararı alan firmaların inovasyon faaliyetleri üzerinde odaklanmaları çağrısında bulunmaktadır. Diğer yandan, çalışmanın sonuçları daha büyük ve yabancı mülkiyetli firmaların ihracat yapma olasılığının daha yüksek olduğunu, ar-ge harcamalarının ihracat yapma eğilimimden ziyade inovasyon yapma olasılığını arttırdığını, firma yaşının ihracat eğilimine etki etmediğini ancak ürün yeniliği üzerinde olumlu, süreç yeniliği üzerinde ise olumsuz etkisi olduğunu, üst düzey yönetici deneyiminin ise firmanın doğrudan ihracat yapma olasılığını arttırıken dolaylı ihracat yapma olasılığını etkilemediğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• doğrudan ihracat
• dolaylı ihracat
• süreç yeniliği
• ürün yeniliği

Impact of Innovation on Direct and Indirect Export Propensity

Öz

This article analyzes the determinants of the direct and indirect export propensity of firms operating in countries from different income groups, focusing on the role of innovation. For this purpose, firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey are utilized. In the literature, there are several papers examining the link between innovation activities and export performance of the firms. Some of them also consider endogeneity of innovation in this link. The findings of the study indicate the endogeneity of innovation in the relationship between export propensity and innovation activities. When this endogeneity is controlled, product and process innovation activities of the firms increase their probability of exporting directly and indirectly. This impact is higher on direct exports. In addition, product innovation increases the export propensity more compared to process innovation. These results call for firms that decide to export to focus on their innovation activities. On the other hand, the results of the study show that larger and foreign-owned firms are more likely to export, R&D expenditures increase the probability of innovation rather than export propensity. Moreover, firm age does not affect the export propensity but has a positive effect on product innovation and a negative effect on process innovation. Finally, the experience of top manager increases the probability of the firm to export directly, but does not affect the indirect export propensity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dirext exports
• indirect exports
• product innovation
• process innovation

Kaynakça

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