COVID-19 ve Ekonomik Kriz: Tematik Analizle Küresel Etkilerin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 1147 - 1164, 25.05.2025

Selin Kalender

https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1609615

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisi, dünya genelinde sağlık sistemlerini ve ekonomileri ciddi şekilde etkileyerek, uluslararası iş birliğini zorunlu kılan küresel bir kriz yaratmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 ve ekonomik kriz konularına yönelik yayınlardaki araştırma alanlarını ve tematik eğilimleri eş kelime analizi yöntemiyle keşfetmektir. Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanı üzerinden, 2020 ile 2024 yılları arasındaki “ekonomik kriz” ve “COVID-19” ile ilgili anahtar kelimelerle yayımlanmış 5094 yayın incelenmiştir. Yayınlar, R Studio programı ve Bibliyometrik paketi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. COVID-19 ve ekonomik krizle ilişkili yayınların yıllık artış hızı, özellikle 2022 yılında en yüksek seviyeye ulaşmıştır. 2020 yılındaki ilk yayınlar pandemi sürecinin epidemiyolojik tanımına yönelikken, 2021 yılından itibaren ekonomik etkiler ve krizle ilgili çalışmalar daha fazla ilgi görmüştür. Eş kelime analizi sonuçları, pandeminin ekonomik krizle olan ilişkisini ele alan araştırmaların arttığını ortaya koymuştur. Tematik harita analizinde "COVID-19" ve "financial crisis" gibi temel temaların büyük bir merkezilik göstererek araştırma odağını oluşturduğu, bu terimlerin çoğu yayında yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, "connectedness" ve "stock market" gibi niş temaların, finansal bağlantılar ve piyasa dinamiklerini inceleyen spesifik araştırmalara işaret ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu, COVID-19 ile ekonomik kriz arasındaki etkileşimin zaman içinde nasıl evrildiğini ve araştırmaların hangi alanlara kaydığını açıkça göstermektedir. Çalışmada pandeminin, özellikle ekonomik krizle olan etkileşimini ele alan araştırmaların, literatürdeki boşlukları doldurmak ve gelecekteki pandemilere dair stratejiler geliştirmek adına kritik bir role sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır. Gelecek araştırmalarda temel araştırma problemleri, ülkelerin ve uluslararası kurumların ekonomik krizlerle başa çıkma yeteneklerini ve gelecekteki pandemilere hazırlık stratejilerini geliştirecek şekilde kurgulanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bibliyometrik , COVID-19 , Eş-Kelime Analizi , Ekonomik Kriz

COVID-19 and the Economic Crisis: Examining Global Impacts with Thematic Analysis

Öz

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health systems and economies worldwide, creating a global crisis that necessitates international cooperation. The aim of this study is to explore research areas and thematic trends in publications related to COVID-19 and economic crises using co-word analysis. A total of 5094 publications, published between 2020 and 2024, related to the keywords "economic crisis" and "COVID-19" were examined using the Web of Science (WoS) database. The publications were analyzed using R Studio and the Bibliometrix package. The annual growth rate of publications related to COVID-19, and economic crises peaked in 2022. The initial publications in 2020 focused on the epidemiological definition of the pandemic, while from 2021 onwards, studies on economic impacts and crises gained more attention. Co-word analysis revealed an increase in research addressing the relationship between the pandemic and economic crises. The thematic map analysis identified key themes such as "COVID-19" and "financial crisis," which showed a high degree of centrality and formed the research focus, with these terms appearing in most of the publications. Additionally, niche themes such as "connectedness" and "stock market" pointed to specific studies examining financial connections and market dynamics. This clearly demonstrates how the interaction between COVID-19 and economic crises has evolved over time and how research focus areas have shifted. The study concludes that research addressing the relationship between the pandemic and economic crises plays a critical role in filling gaps in literature and in developing strategies for future pandemics. Future research problems could be structured to enhance the ability of countries and international organizations to cope with economic crises and develop strategies to prepare for future pandemics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bibliometrix , COVID-19 , Co-Word Analysis , Economic Crisis

Kaynakça

• Adams‐Prassl, A., Cloyne, J., Dias, M. C., Parey, M. & Ziliak, J. P. (2020). The COVID‐19 economic crisis. Fiscal Studies, 41(3), 489-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12236
• Agrawal, S. (2023). Recruitment and selection practices post-COVID-19: A step towards sustainability. International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research, 8(2), 119.
• American Economic Association (AEA). (2022). JEL classification codes guide. Retrieved from https://www.aeaweb.org/econlit/jelCodes.php
• Aras, İ. A. (2024). Past themes and future trends in the economic dimension of COVID-19 research: A co-word analysis. Academic Journal of Health Sciences: Medicina Balear, 39(1), 135-140.
• Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J. & Terry, S. J. (2020). COVID-induced economic uncertainty. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26983. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26983
• Barro, R. J., Ursúa, J. F. & Weng, J. (2020). The coronavirus and the great influenza pandemic: Lessons from the "Spanish flu" for the coronavirus's potential effects on mortality and economic activity. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 26866. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26866
• Bodrud-Doza, M., Shammi, M., Bahlman, L., Islam, A. R. M. T. & Rahman, M. M. (2020). Psychosocial and socio-economic crisis in Bangladesh due to COVID-19 pandemic: A perception-based assessment. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 341, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00341
• Borio, C. (2020). The COVID-19 economic crisis: Dangerously unique. Business Economics, 55(4), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11301-020-00142-4
• Chatterjee, N. (2024). Impact of economic crises on economic development of developing nations in a globalized world. In International trade, economic crisis, and the sustainable development goals (pp. 299-313). Emerald Publishing Limited.
• Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E. & Herrera, F. (2011). An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 1382–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2010.10.002
• Cucinotta, D. & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157-160. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
• Faramarzi, A., Norouzi, S., Dehdarirad, H., Aghlmand, S., Yusefzadeh, H. & Javan-Noughabi, J. (2024). The global economic burden of COVID-19 disease: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 13(1), 68.
• Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557504
• Ganum, P. & Thakoor, V. (2021). Post-COVID-19 recovery and resilience: Leveraging reforms for growth and inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Paper WP/21/45, 6-8.
• Gopinath, G. (2020a). World economic outlook: The great lockdown. Foreword. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020#Introduction
• Gopinath, G. (2020b). The great lockdown: Worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. IMF Blog. https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/14/the-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression/
• He, Q. (1999). Knowledge discovery through co-word analysis. Library Trends, 48(1), 1215–1230.
• Himani, S. & Tarkar, P. (2024). COVID-19: Its impact on recruitment selection and organizational performance. African Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(5), 9284-9285. https://doi.org/10.48047/AFJBS.6.5.2024.9282-9299
• Huang, J., Wang, H., Xiong, H., Fan, M., Zhuo, A., Li, Y. & Dou, D. (2020). Quantifying the economic impact of COVID-19 in Mainland China using human mobility data. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.03010.
• International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2020). World economic outlook: The great lockdown. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/the-great-lockdown
• Kaplan, S., Lefler, J. & Zilberman, D. (2022). The political economy of COVID-19. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 44(1), 477-488.
• Kolahchi, Z., De Domenico, M., Uddin, L. Q., Cauda, V., Grossmann, I., Lacasa, L., Grancini, G., Mahmoudi, M. & Rezaei, N. (2021). COVID-19 and its global economic impact. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1318, 825-837. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_46
• Lerpold, L., Sjöberg, Ö. & Wennberg, K. (2023). Migration, integration, and the pandemic. L. Lerpold, O. Sjöberg & K. Wennberg (Eds.), Migration and integration in a post-pandemic world: Socioeconomic opportunities and challenges. Palgrave Macmillan. Springer. Switzerland.
• Liu, N., Xu, Z. & Skare, M. (2021). The research on COVID-19 and economy from 2019 to 2020: Analysis from the perspective of bibliometrics. Oeconomia Copernicana, 12(2), 217-268. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.013
• Lukash, O. A., Derevianko, Y. M., Kozlov, D. V. & Mukorez, A. I. (2021). Regional economic development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic crisis. Mechanism of Economic Regulation, 1, 99-107. https://doi.org/10.21272/mer.2021.91.08
• Maital, S. & Barzani, E. (2020). The global economic impact of COVID-19: A summary of research. Samuel Neaman Institute for National Policy Research, 2020(2020), 1-12.
• Maritz, A., Perenyi, A., De Waal, G. & Buck, C. (2020). Entrepreneurship as the unsung hero during the current COVID-19 economic crisis: Australian perspectives. Sustainability, 12(11), 4612. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114612
• Mishra, A. K., Arunachalam, V., Olson, D. & Patnaik, D. (2023). Dynamic connectedness in commodity futures markets during COVID-19 in India: New evidence from a TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach. Resources Policy, 82, 103490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103490
• Moolla, I. & Hiilamo, H. (2023). Health system characteristics and COVID-19 performance in high-income countries. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 244.
• Naseer, S., Khalid, S., Parveen, S., Abbass, K., Song, H. & Achim, M. V. (2023). COVID-19 outbreak: Impact on global economy. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1009393, 1-13.
• Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., ... & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193.
• Obrenovic, B., Oblakovic, G. & Asa, R. (2024). Bibliometric analysis of financial and economic implications during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Sustainability, 16(7), 2897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072897
• Ozili, P. K. & Arun, T. (2020). Spillover of COVID-19: Impact on the global economy. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3562570
• Ozili, P. K. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic and economic crisis: The Nigerian experience and structural causes. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 37(4), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-06-2020-0084
• Pfefferbaum, B. & North, C. S. (2020). Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(6), 510-512. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2008017
• Quaglia, L. & Verdun, A. (2023). Explaining the response of the ECB to the COVID-19 related economic crisis: Inter-crisis and intra-crisis learning. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(4), 635-654. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2199280
• Rathnayake, D., Clarke, M. & Jayasinghe, V. I. (2021). Health system performance and health system preparedness for the post-pandemic impact of COVID-19: A review. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(1), 250-254.
• Saini, H. & Tarkar, P. (2024). COVID-19: Its impact on recruitment selection and organizational performance. Heliyon, 10(e39869), 5-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39869
• Shaik, M., Varghese, G. & Madhavan, V. (2024). The dynamic volatility connectedness of global financial assets during the Ebola & MERS epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. Applied Economics, 56(8), 880–900. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2023.2174499
• Sharma, A. & Borah, S. B. (2022). Covid-19 and domestic violence: An indirect path to social and economic crisis. Journal of Family Violence, 37, 759-765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00200-2
• Sunge, R., Mudzingiri, C. & Mkhize, N. (2024). The COVID-19 pandemic and economic recovery: The mediating role of governance, a global perspective. Heliyon, 10(e39869), 5-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39869
• Thomas, S., Sagan, A., Larkin, J., Cylus, J., Figueras, J. & Karanikolos, M. (2020). Policy brief 36, strengthening health systems resilience key concepts and strategies. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, a partnership hosted by World Health Organization.
• Tuysuz, S., Baycan, T. & Altuğ, F. (2022). Economic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey: Analysis of vulnerability and resilience of regions and diversely affected economic sectors. Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 6(3), 1133-1158.
• Umar, M., Shahzad, F., Ullah, I. & Fanghua, T. (2023). A comparative analysis of cryptocurrency returns and economic policy uncertainty pre- and post-COVID-19. Research in International Business and Finance, 65, 101965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.101965
• Ünüvar, İ. & Aktaş, H. (2022). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de COVID-19 pandemisinin ekonomik etkileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 25(1), 124-140.
• Valla, N. & Miguet, F. (2022). How have major economies responded to the COVID-19 pandemic?. Consequences for growth trajectories and debt sustainability. Economic Governance Support Unit (EGOV) Directorate-General for Internal Policies PE 699.53, May.
• Whitaker, S. D. (2023). Understanding migration trends to prepare for the post-pandemic future. Regional Policy Report, 20230801.
• World Bank (WB). (2020). The global economic outlook during the COVID-19 pandemic: A changed world. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/06/08/the-global-economic-outlook-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-changed-world
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Coronavirus disease pandemic. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19-
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2023, May 5). WHO Director-General's statement on the announcement of the end of the COVID-19 global health emergency. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing---5-may-2023
• Xu, Z., Elomri, A., Kerbache, L. & El Omri, A. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on global supply chains: Facts and perspectives. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 48(3), 153-166.
• Yurdakul, A. & Turan, D. (2021). Küresel kamusal mallar teorisi bağlamında Covid-19 pandemisi ile mücadele yöntemleri, karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Vergi Raporu, (264), 174-188.
• Zhong, M. & Lin, M. (2022). Bibliometric analysis for economy in COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 8(9), e10702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10702
• Zupic, I. & Čater, T. (2015). Bibliometric methods in management and organization. Organizational Research Methods, 18(3), 429–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114562629