THE CHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ON THE FOOD CHOICE OF PEACOCK, Inachis io (L.), (LEPIDOPTERA:NYMPHALIDAE)

Abstract

In this study, the food choice of Inachis io larvae, a monophagous insect herbivore, was investigated in respect to the chemical contents of the food plant. The feeding experiment was carried out with I. io larvae in a 40- day experiment. The water, protein and total phenolics contents of the plant samples were collected daily between April 15th and July 9th in 2001 were measured accordingly. The larvae feeding experiments were carried out in June in 2001. There was no significant variation in the water contents of teh plant samples collected.  The highest total phenolics contents were obtained in the plant samples contents collected in April; but the lowest contents were obtained in the samples collected in July. However, no feeding experiments were carried out in both months. The protein contents of the plant samples were avaraged around 20,95 % during the larval feeding experiments. Total phenolics, water and protein contents were all together related to the useability of nitrogen content of plant foods.

Keywords

• Inachis io
• Urtica dioica
• Protein Content
• Water Content
• Total Phenolic Content

TAVUS KELEBEĞİ, Inachis io (L.), (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) LARVALARININ BESİN TERCİHİNE ETKİ EDEN KİMYASAL FAKTÖRLER

Öz

Bu çalışmada, monofaj herbivor bir böcek olan Inachis io (L.) larvalarının besin tercihi, bitkinin kimyasal içeriği (su, protein ve fenolik madde miktarı) bakımından araştırılmıştır. I. io larvaları 40 gün süren beslenme deneyiyle incelenmiştir.  2001 yılının 15 Nisan -9 Temmuz tarihleri arasında her gün toplanan bitki örneklerinin su, protein ve fenolik madde miktarı yapılan ölçümlerle belirlenmiştir. Larvanın aktif beslenme dönemine denk gelen bitki örnekle-ri ise Haziran ayındaki değerlerdir. Bu değerlere göre su miktarında önemli bir varyasyon olmadığı gözlen-miştir.
Toplam fenolik miktarının larvanın beslenmediği Nisan ayında en yüksek değerde olduğu, yine beslenmenin olmadığı Temmuz ayında ise en düşük değerde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Protein miktarının ise; beslenme döne-minde %20,95 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fenolik madde, su ve protein miktarı değerleri hep birlikte azotun kulla-nılabilirliğini belirlemektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Inachis io
• Urtica dioica
• Protein Miktarı
• Su Miktarı
• Toplam Fenolik Miktarı

Kaynakça

1. 1. Allen, S. E., Grimshaw, H. M., Parkinson, J. A., Quarmby, C. and Roberts, J. D., 1986. Chemical Analysis. In: Champman, S. B. (eds) Methods in Plant Ecology, pp. 411-466. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
2. 2. Bilgener, M. ve Uysal, S., 1996. Ölübaş Kele-beği Celerio euphorbiae L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)'nin Besin Sindirim Verimliliği. Doğa Türk Biyoloji Dergisi, 20: 273-280.
3. 3. Bryant, S. R., Thomas, C. D. and Bale, J. B., 1997. Nettle Nymphalid Butterflies: Tempera-ture, development and distribution. Ecological Entomology, 22: 390-398.
4. 4. Feeny, P., 1968. Seasonal changes in the tannin content of oak leaves. Phytochemistry, 7, 871-880.
5. 5. Fox, LR, Morrow, PA., 1981. Specialization: Species property or local phenomenon? Scien-ce, 211, 887-892.
6. 6. Harborne, J. B., 1994. Introduction to Ecologi-cal Biochemistry. Academic Press (Çeviri: Bilgener, M., 2002. Ekolojik Biyokimyaya Gi-riş, sayfa 126.Ondokuzmayıs Üniversitesi Ya-yınları. Samsun).
7. 7. Jones, D. A. 1966. On the polymorphism of cyanogenesis in Lotus corniculatus. I. Selection by animals. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 8:556–567. 8. Mattson, J. , 1980. Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 11, 119-161.
8. 9. Morrison, I. M., (1972a). A semi-micro method for the determination of lignin and its use in predicting digestibility of forage crops. J. Sci. Food Agric., 23, 455-463.

9. 10. Morrison, I. M., (1972b). Improvements in the acetyl bromide technique to determine lignin and digestibility and its application to legumes. J. Sci. Food Agric., 23, 1463-1469.
10. 11. Pollard, A. J. and Briggs, D., 1984. Genecolo-gical studies of Urtica dioica L. III. Stinging Hairs and Plant- Herbivore Interactions. New Phytologist, 97, 507-522.
11. 12. Pullin, A. S., 1986. Influence of the food plant, Urtica dioica, on larval development, feeding efficiences, and voltinism of a specialist insect, Inachis io. Holarctic Ecology, 9, 72-78.
12. 13. Scriber, J. M., 1977. Limiting effects of low leaf-water content on the nitrogen utilization, energy budget, and larval growth of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Oecologia 28, 269-287.
13. 14. Scriber, J. M. and Feeny, P. P., 1979. The growth of herbivorous caterpillars in relation to degree of feeding specialization and to growth form of foodplant. Ecology, 60, 829-850.
14. 15. Scriber, J.M. and Slansky, F.,Jr. 1981. The nutritional ecology of immature insects. A. Rev. Ent., 26, 183-211.
15. 16. Simpson S. J. and D. Raubenheimer 2001. The geometric analysis of nutrientalleloche-mical interactions: a case study using locusts. Ecology 82, pp. 422-439.
16. 17. Slansky, F. Jr., Feeny, P., 1977. Stabilization of the rate of nitrogen accumulation by larvae of the cabbage butterfly on wild and cultivated plants. Ecol. Monogr. 47, 209-228.
17. 18. Smiley, J., 1978. Plant Chemistry and the Evolution of Host Specifity: New Evidence from Heliconius and Passiflora. Science, 201, 745-747.
18. 19. Swain, T. and Hillis, W. E., 1959. The phe-nolic constituents of Prunus domestica. J. Sci. Food Agric., 10, 63-68.