AROMATİK BİTKİLERİN ORGANİK (EKOLOJİK) HAYVANCILIKTA KULLANIM İMKÂNI (Derleme)

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 13 - 20, 20.03.2005

Talat Güler

Öz

Hastalıklardan koruma ve verimi artırıcı amaçla hayvan
yemlerinde sürekli antibiyotik kullanımı sonucunda, hayvanlarda ve bu hayvanlardan
elde edilen ürünleri tüketen insanlarda antibiyotik rezistansı yüksek
mikroorganizma suşları oluşturma riskine karşı birçok ülkede antibiyotiklerin
yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı yasaklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Avrupa birliği
tarafından 2006 yılına kadar yem katkı maddesi olarak sadece 4 antibiyotiğin
kullanımına izin verilmiştir. Bundan dolayı, araştırmacılar tarafından antibiyo-tiklere
alternatif olabilecek doğal yem katkı maddelerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik
araştırmalar artmıştır. Bu amaçla, aromatik bitkiler ve bunlardan elde edilen
ekstraktlar araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmiş ve bunların hayvan beslemede
kullanımına yönelik çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda, bu
bitkiler ve eks-traktlarının güçlü antimikrobiyel etkilerinin olduğu ve
hayvanlarda performansı olumlu yönde etkilediğinden dolayı antibiyotiklerin
yerine yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bundan
dolayı, orga-nik hayvancılıkta kullanımı yasaklanan antibiyotikler yerine doğal
ve güvenilir büyütme faktörü olarak aromatik bitkiler ve ekstraktları
kullanılabilir. Ayrıca, aromatik bitkilerde elde edilen pek çok esans yağın
güvenli olduğu kabul edilmekte ve bir çok alanda (kozmetik, gıda, tıp vb.)
yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmak-tadır. Ülkemizin aromatik bitkiler açısından
zengin bir floraya ve büyük bir potansiyele sahip olduğu görü-şünden yola
çıkarak bu derlemede, ülkemiz florasında bulunan ve aromatik özellik taşıyan
bazı bitkilerin kimyasal ve antimikrobiyel özellikleri ile hayvanlarda
performansa olan etkileri özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aromatik Bitkiler, Organik Hayvancılık, Antibiyotik, Performans

Kaynakça

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