SERBEST OKSİJEN RADİKALLERİ, ANTİOKSİDANLAR VE KIRIK İYİLEŞMESİ

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 20 - 27, 17.07.2005

Ali Said Durmuş

Öz

Bu yazıda serbest oksijen radikalleri,
antioksidanlar ve kırık iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkileri hakkında kaynak bilgi
verildi. Serbest oksijen radikalleri ile kırık iyileşmesi arasında bağlantı
kuran çalışmalar incelenerek değerlendirmeler yapıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Serbest Oksijen Radikalleri, Antioksidan, Kırık İyileşmesi

Kaynakça

• 1. Adam O. 1997. Effects of vitamin E on immune and inflammatory responses in rheumatic diseases. Fett/Lipid, 99: 70-73.
• 2. Akkuş İ. 1995. Serbest Radikaller ve Fizyo-patolojik Etkileri. Mimoza Yayınları, Konya.
• 3. Arden W.A., Slocombe R.F., Stick J.A. and Parks A.H. 1990. Morphologic and ultrastructural evaluation of effect of ischemia and dimethyl sulfoxide on equine jejunum, Am J Vet Res, 51(11): 1784-1791.
• 4. Arden W.A., Stick J.A., Parks A.H., Chou C.C. and Slocombe R.F. 1989. Effect of ischemia and dimethyl sulfoxide on equine jejunal vascular resistance, oxygen composition, intraluminal pressure, and potassium loss, Am J Vet Res, 50(3): 380-387.
• 5. Avitabile M., Rasa R., Campagna N,E., Ferlito S., Rasa A., Priolo R., Aredia F. and Strano M. 1996. Calcium release from the mineral matrix of the mandibular bone due to hydrogen peroxide exposure. Minerva Stomatol., 45: 401-403.
• 6. Bakır B., Alkan İ., Sağlam K., Belge F., Şındak N. ve Karaca M. 1998. Köpeklerde oluşturulan üçüncü derece termal yanıklarda, sağaltım ama-cıyla kullanılan antioksidan ajanların kan gazla-rı ve bazı hematolojik parametreler üzerine etkileri. YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg., 9(1-2): 9-13.
• 7. Basu S., Michaelsson K., Olofsson H., Johansson S. and Melhus H. 2001. Association between oxidative stress and bone mineral density. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 288: 275-279.
• 8. Berger M.M. 2005. Can oxidative damage be treated nutritionally? Clinical Nutrition, 24: 172-183.
• 9. Boros M., Bako L. and Nagy S. 1991. Effect of antioxidant therapy on cyclooxygenase derived eicosanoid release during intestinal ischemia reperfusion, Eur Surg Res, 23(3-4): 141-150.
• 10. Boros M., Karacsony G., Kaszaki J. and Nagy S. 1993. Reperfusion mucosal damage after complete intestinal ischemia in the dog: The effects of antioxidant and phosphlipase A2 inhibitor therapy, Surgery, 113(2): 184-191.
• 11. Boros M., Kaszaki J. and Nagy S. 1989. Oxygen free radical induced histamine release during intestinal ischemia and reperfusion, Euro Surg Res., 21(6): 297-304.
• 12. Bozbuğa M., İzgi N. and Canbolat A. 1998. The effects of chronic alpha-tocopherol administra-tion on lipid peroxidation in an experimental model of acute spinal cord ınjury. Neurosurg. Rev., 21: 36-42.
• 13. Brayton C.F. 1986. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO): A Review, Cornell Vet, 76(1): 61-90.
• 14. Bulkley G.B. 1983. The role of oxygen free radicals in human disease processes. Surgery, 94(3): 407-411.
• 15. Bulkley G.B. 1987. Free radical mediated reperfusion injury: A selective review, Br Jour Cancer, 8: 66-73.
• 16. Burdock G.A. 1998. Review of the Biological Properties and Toxicity of Bee Propolis (Propolis). Food Chem. Toxicol., 36: 347-363.
• 17. Burton G.W. 1994. Vitamin E. Molecular and biological function. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society, 53(2): 251-262.
• 18. Burton G.W., Foster D.O., Perly B., Slater T.E., Smith I.C. and Ingold K.U. 1985. Biological antioxidants. Philos Trans R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., 17: 565-578.
• 19. Ceylan C., Koç Y. ve Karaman M. 2002. Köpeklerde Deneysel oluşturulan değişik tip intestinal strangülasyon obstrüksiyonlarında dimetilsülfoksitin (DMSO) koruyucu etkisinin klinik, laboratuvar ve histopatolojik olarak araştırılması. VIII. Ulusal Veteriner Cerrahi Kongresi. 61-62. 3-6 Temmuz 2002, Van.
• 20. Cohen M.E. and Meyer D.M. 1993. Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation and rotational stress on alveolar bone loss in rice rats. Arch Oral Biol., 38: 601-606.
• 21. Defraigne J.O., Pincemail J., Franssen C., Meurisse M., Defechereux T., Philippart C., Serteyn D., Lamy D., Deby C. and Limet R. 1993. In vivo free radical production after cross-clamping and reperfusion of the renal artery in the rabbit. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1: 343-349.
• 22. Delibaş N. ve Özcankaya R. 1995. Serbest radikaller. SDÜ Tıp Fak. Derg., 2(3): 11-17.
• 23. Durak K., Bilgen Ö.F., Kaleli T., Tuncel P., Özbek R. and Turan K. 1996. Antioxidant effect of alfa-tocopherol on fracture haematoma in rabbit. J. Int. Med. Res., 24: 419-424.
• 24. Durgun T. ve Durmuş A.S. 2004. Köpeklerde anal kese yangılarının sağaltımında propolis ekstraktının kullanımı. Doğu Anadolu Araştır-maları Dergisi, 3(1): 159-161.
• 25. Durmuş A.S., Akpolat N. ve Ünsaldı E. 2002. Köpeklerde deneysel radius kırıklarında dl-alfa-tokoferol asetat’ın kırık iyileşmesi üzerine olan etkisi. VIII. Ulusal Veteriner Cerrahi Kongresi. 136-137. 3-6 Temmuz 2002, Van.
• 26. Ehrlich HP., Tarver H. and Hunt T.K. 1972. Inhibitory effects of vitamin E on collagen synthesis and wound repair. Ann. Surg., 175: 235-240.
• 27. Engle W.A., Yoder M.C., Baurley J.L. and Yu P. 1998. Vitamin E decreases superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Pediatric Res., 23: 245-248.
• 28. Ferrari R., Ceconi C., Curello S., Cargnoni A., Condorelli E. and Raddino R. 1985. Role of oxygen inmyocardial ischemic and reperfusion damage: Effect of alpha-tocopherol. Acta Vitaminol. Enzymol., 7: 61-70.
• 29. Filep J.G., Braquet P. and Mozes T. 1991. Interactions between platelet-activating factor and prostonoids during mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion induced shock in the anaesthesied dog, Circulatory Shock, 35(1): 1-8.
• 30. Filep J.G., Herman F., Braquet P. and Mozes T. 1989. Increased levels of platelet –activating factor in blood following intestinal ischemia in the dog, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 158(2): 353-359.
• 31. Freeman B.A. and Crapo J.D. 1982. Biology of disease free radicals and tissue injury. Lab. Invest., 47(5): 412.
• 32. Garrett I.R., Boyce B.F., Oreffo R.O.C., Bonewald L., Poser J. and Mundy G.R. 1990. Oxygen-derived free radicals stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption in rodent bone in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Invest., 85: 632-639.
• 33. Göktürk E. 1997. Sıçanlarda serbest oksijen radikallerinin kırık iyileşmesine etkisi. Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc., 31: 353-356.
• 34. Granger D.N., Rutili G. and McCord J.M. 1981. Superoxide radicals in feline intestinal ischemia, Gastroenterology, 81: 22-29.
• 35. Grisham M.B., Hernandez L.A. and Granger D.N. 1986. Xanthine oxidase and neutrophil infiltration in intestinal ischemia. Am. J. Physiol., 251: 567-574.
• 36. Guerre P., Burgat V. and Casali F. 1999. Le dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): usages experimentaux et toxicite, Revue Med Vet, 150(5): 391-412.
• 37. Gurley A.M. and Roth S.I. 1992. Bone. In: Sternberg S.S. (Ed.). Histology for Pathologists. New York: Raven Pres. 61-69.
• 38. Günel E., Çağlayan O. ve Çağlayan F. 1998. Serum D-lactate levels as a predictor of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, Pediatric Surgery International, 14(1-2): 59-61.
• 39. Halliwell B. and Gutteridge J.M.C. 1996. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Second Ed. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 237-245.
• 40. Hoşnuter M., Gürel A., Babucçu O., Armutcu F., Kargı E. ve Işıkdemir A. 2004. The effect of CAPE on lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in the plasma of rats following thermal injury. Burns, 30: 121-125.
• 41. Ima-Nirwana S., Kiftiah A., Sariza T., Abd. Gapor M.T. and Khalid B.A.K. 1999. Palm vitamin E improves bone metabolism and survival rate in thyrotoxic rats. General Pharmacology, 32: 621-626.
• 42. Isla M.I., Nieva Moreno M.I., Sampietro A.R. and Vattuone M.A. 2001. Antioxidant activity of Argentine propolis extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol., 76: 165-170.
• 43. Jacob S.W. and Herschler A.I. 1986. Pharmacology of DMSO, Cryobiology, 23(1): 14-27.
• 44. Kehrer J.P. 1993. Free radicals as mediators of tissue injury and disease. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 23(1): 21-48.
• 45. Keskin D., Karsan O., Ezirmik N. ve Çiftçioğlu A. 1999. Tavşanlarda kırık iyileşmesi üzerine alfa-tokoferolün etkisi. Artroplasti-Artroskopik Cerrahi, 10(2): 207-210.
• 46. Key L.L., Ries W.L., Taylor R.G., Hays B.D. and Pitzer B.L. 1990. Oxygen-derived free radicals in osteoclasts: the specificity and location of the nitroblue tetrazolium reaction. Bone, 11: 115-119.
• 47. Koltuksuz U., Özen S., Uz E., Aydınç M., Karaman A., Gültek A., Akyol Ö., Gürsoy M.H. ve Aydın E. 1999. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents intestinal reperfusion injury in rats, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 34(10): 1458-1462.
• 48. Koveshnikov V.G. and Pikaliuk V.S. 1993. The prolipherative processes in the skeleton of white rats administered dipal experimentally and after antioxidant therapy with tocopherol. Morfologia, 104: 34-39.
• 49. Köse K. ve Doğan P. 1992. Lipid peroksidasyonu. Erciyes Tıp Derg., Ek-1: 340.
• 50. Küçük O., Şahin N. and Şahin K. 2003. Supplemental zinc and vitamin A can alleviate negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res, 94(3): 225-235.
• 51. Lantz G.C., Badylak S.F., Hiles M.C. and Arkin T.E. 1992. Treatment of reperfusion injury in dogs with experimentally induced gastric dilatation-volvulus, Am J Vet Res, 53(9): 1594-1598.
• 52. Leveille S.G., LaCroix A.Z., Koepsell T.D., Beresford S., Belle G.V. and Buchner D.M. 1997. Do dietary antioxidants prevent postmenopausal bone loss? Nutrition Research, 17( 8): 1261-1269.
• 53. Liebler D.C. 1993. The role of metabolism in the antioxidant function of vitamin E. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 23: 147-169.
• 54. Lucy J.A. and Dingle J.T. 1964. Fat-soluble vitamins in biological membranes. Nature, 204: 156-160.
• 55. Maiorano G., Manchisi A., Salvatori G., Filetti F. and Oriani G. 1999. Influence of multiple injections of vitamin E on intramuscular collagen and bone characteristics in suckling lambs. J Anim Sci., 77: 2452-2457.
• 56. McCord J.M. 1985. Oxygen-derived free radicals and tissue injury. N. Engl. J. Med., 312(3): 159.
• 57. McCord J.M. 1987. Oxygen-derived radicals: a link between reperfusion ınjury and inflammation. Fed. Proc., 46(7): 2402.
• 58. McCord J.M. 1993. Human disease, free radicals and the oxidant/antioxidant balance. Clin. Biochem., 26(5): 351-357.
• 59. Mendez J.A., Aguilar M.R., Abraham G.A., Vazquez B., Dalby M., Di Silvio L. and San Roman J. 2002. New acrylic bone cements conjugated to vitamin E: curing parameters, properties, and biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 299-307.
• 60. Mirkovitch V. and Winistörfer B. 1987. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the function and structure of the intact and ischemic canine ileum, Res Exp Med, 187(4): 295-302.
• 61. Moore R.M. and Bertone A.L. 1992. Perioperative medical therapy for horses with intestinal ischemia, The Comp Cont Edu, 14(11): 1514-1521.
• 62. Morton D.J., Barret-Connor E.L. and Schneider D.L. 2001. Vitamin C supplement use and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J. Bone Miner. Res., 16: 135-140.
• 63. Nieve Moreno M.I., Isla M.I., Sampietro A.R. and Vattuone M.A. 2000. Comparison of the free radical-scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J. Ethnopharmacol., 71: 109-114.
• 64. Norazlina M., Ima-Nirwana S., Gapor M.T.A., and Khalid B.A.K. 2002. Tocotrienols are needed for normal bone calcification in growing female rats. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr., 11(3): 194-199.
• 65. Nylander G., Otamiri T., Lewis D.H. and Larsson J. 1989. Lipid peroxidation products in postischemic skeletal muscle and after traetment with hyperbaric oxygen. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 23(2): 97-103.
• 66. Otamiri T., Lindahl M. and Tagesson C. 1988. Phospholipase A2 inhibition prevents mucosal damage associated with small intestinal ischemia in rats, Gut, 29: 489-494.
• 67. Padberg F.T., Franco C.D., Kerr J.C., Lynch T.G., Burns W.F. and Hobson R.W. 1989. Acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in the canine hindlimb. J. Cardiovasc. Surg., 30: 925-931.
• 68. Parks D.A., Bulkley G.B., Granger D.N., Hamilton S.R. and McCord J.M. 1982. Ische-mic injury in the cat small intestine: Role of su-peroxide radicals, Gastroenterology,82(1):9-15.
• 69. Russo A., Longo R. and Vanella A. 2002. Antioxidant activity of propolis: role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and galangin. Fitoterapia, 73 Suppl 1: 21-29.
• 70. Seifert M.F. and Watkins B.A. 1997. Role of dietary lipid and antioxidants in bone metabo-lism. Nutrition Research, 17(7): 1209-1228.
• 71. Sergeev I.N., Arkhapchev I.P. and Spirichev V.B. 1990. The role of vitamin E in metabolism and reception of vitamin D. Biokhimiia, 55: 1989-1995.
• 72. Sergeev I.N., Kha K.P., Blazheevich NV. and Spirichev V.B. 1987. Effect of combined vitamin D and E deficiencies on calcium metabolism and bone tissue of the rat. Vopr Pitan, 1: 39-43.
• 73. Serin E., Yılmaz E., Yılmaz S., Ünsaldı E. ve Durmuş A.S. 1998. İskemi-reperfüzyon hasa-rında serbest oksijen radikalleri (ratlarda deney-sel çalışma). Artroplasti Artroskopik Cerrahi, 9(1): 36-39.
• 74. Seyama A. 1993. The role of oxygen-derived free radicals and the effect of free radical scavengers on skeletal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Jpn. J. Surg., 23: 1060.
• 75. Siems W.G., Van Kuijk E.J. and Maas R. 1994. Uric acid and glutathion levels during short term whole body cold exposure. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 16(3): 299-305.
• 76. Sies H., Stahl W. and Sundquist A.R. 1992. Antioksidant functions of vitamins. Vitamins E and C, beta carotene, and other carotenoids. Ann. New York Acad Sci., 669: 7-20.
• 77. Suda N. 1991. Role of free radicals in bone resorption. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi, 58: 603-612.
• 78. Şahin K., Özercan R., Önderci M., Şahin N., Gürsu M.F., Khachik F., Sarkar F.H., Mun-karah A., Ali-Fehmi R., Kmak D. and Küçük Ö. 2004. Lycopene supplementation prevents the development of spontaneous smooth muscle tumors of the oviduct in Japanese quail. Nutr Cancer, 50(2): 181-189.
• 79. Şahin K., Şahin N., Yaralıoğlu S. 2002. Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxi-dation, blood serum metabolites, and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperature. Biol Trace Elem Res, 85(1): 35-45.
• 80. Takenaka Y., Miki M., Yasuda H. and Mino M. 1991. The effect of alpha-tocopherol as an antioxidant on the oxidation of membrane protein thiols induced by free radicals generated in different sites. Arch. Biochem. Biophys, 285: 344-350.
• 81. Taşçı İ., Yavuz N., Caner M., Göksel S., Yılmaz O., Vardar M. ve Sertel İ. 1995. Mezen-terik iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarının önlenmesin-de dimetilsülfoksid ve deferoksamin’in etkileri, Çağdaş Cerrahi Derg, 9(2): 67-73.
• 82. Traber M.G. and Packer L. 1995. Vitamin E. Beyond antioxidant function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 62: 1501-1509.
• 83. Turek J.J., Watkins B.A., Schoenlein I.A., Allen K.G.D., Hayek M.G. and Aldrich C.G. 2003. Oxidized lipid depresses canine growth, immune function, and bone formation. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 14: 24-31.
• 84. Wilson D.V. and Stick J.A. 1993. Effect of a specific platelet-activating factor antagonist on cardiovascular and peripheral cellular responses to colonic ischemia and reperfusion in anesthetized ponies, Am J Vet Res, 54(3): 443-448.
• 85. Wilson D.V., Patterson J.S., Stick J.A. and Provost P.J. 1994. Histologic and ultrastructural changes after large-colon torsion, with and without use of a specific platelet-activating factor antagonist (WEB 2086) in ponies, Am J Vet Res, 55(5): 681-688.
• 86. Winrow V.R., Winyard P.G., Morris C.J. and Blake D.R. 1993. Free radicals in inflammation: second messengers and mediators of tissue destruction. Br. Med. Bulletin, 49(3): 506-522.
• 87. Wolf S.P., Garner A. and Dean R.T. 1986. Free radicals, lipids and protein degradation. TIBS, 11: 27-31.
• 88. Xu H., Watkins B.A. and Seifert M.F. 1995. Vitamin E stimulates trabecular bone formation and alters epiphyseal cartilage. Calcif. Tissue Int., 57: 293-300.
• 89. Yavru N., Samsar E. ve Akın F. 1987. Büyük ve küçük baş hayvanların bazı travmatik lezyonlarında DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) uy-gulamaları üzerinde klinik çalışmalar, S Ü Vet Fak Derg, 3(1): 221-232.
• 90. Yee J.K. and Ima-Nirwana S. 1998. Palm vitamin E protects against ferricnitrilotriacetate-induced impairment of bone calcification. Asia Pacific J Pharmacol., 13: 1-7.