Özbekistan'da 1990-2023 yılları arası Sosyoeokonomik Kalkınma

Öz

Bu çalışma, Özbekistan’ın 1990–2023 dönemindeki insan gelişimi seyrini diğer Türk Cumhuriyetleri, bölgesel komşular ve Batılı kıstaslarla karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmiştir. İnsan Gelişme Endeksi (HDI) ve Küresel Açlık Endeksi (GHI) verilerinin yanı sıra üç farklı Veri Zarflama Analizi (DEA) modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmada, gelişim sonuçlarında hem ilerleme hem de etkinlik düzeyleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Özbekistan’ın özellikle 2016 sonrası reformlar sonrasında, artan kaynak mobilizasyonu ve verimlilik artışı sayesinde önemli gelişmeler kaydettiğini ortaya koymuştur. Başlangıçtaki dalgalanmalar ve süregelen bölgesel eşitsizliklere rağmen, yaşam süresi, eğitim, gelir ve gıda güvenliği alanlarındaki sonuçlar istikrarlı şekilde iyileşmiştir. Etkinlik analizi, Özbekistan’ın yalnızca kaynaklarını artırmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda bu kaynakları birçok emsaline kıyasla daha verimli kullanmaya başladığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, 2023 yılında gözlenen ılımlı etkinlik gerilemesi, politika alanında yeniden müdahale gerektiren zayıf noktaları işaret etmektedir. Çalışma, Özbekistan’ın insan gelişimi hedeflerini sistemik reformlarla bütünleştirme konusunda yükselen bir bölgesel model olma potansiyelini vurgulamakta ve bu başarıların sürdürülebilmesi için politika önerileri sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sosyoekonomik Kalkınma
• İktisadi Etkinlik Analizi
• Veri Zarflama Analizi
• İnsani Gelişim İndeksi
• Küresel Açlık İndeksi

Socioeconomic Development in Uzbekistan (1990-2023)

Öz

This study analyzed Uzbekistan’s human development trajectory compared to other Turkic republics, regional neighbors, and Western benchmarks from 1990 to 2023. Employing the Human Development Index (HDI) and Global Hunger Index (GHI) datasets, alongside three variations of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the research assessed both progress and efficiency in achieving development outcomes. The findings demonstrated that Uzbekistan achieved significant improvements, particularly following 2016 reforms, driven by both increased resource mobilization and enhanced productivity. Despite initial volatility and persistent regional disparities, Uzbekistan’s outcomes in life expectancy, education, income, and food security have steadily improved. Efficiency analysis revealed that Uzbekistan not only expanded its resources but also increasingly utilized them more effectively than many of its peers. Nevertheless, a moderate resurgence of inefficiencies in 2023 signals areas requiring renewed policy attention. The study highlights Uzbekistan’s emerging role as a regional model in integrating human development goals with systemic reforms and offers policy recommendations to sustain these achievements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sosyoekonomik Kalkınma
• İktisadi Etkinlik Analizi
• Veri Zarflama Analizi
• İnsani Gelişim İndeksi
• Küresel Açlık İndeksi

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