Vitamin K and osteoporosis

Öz

Vitamin K is involved in blood coagulation and in bone metabolism via the carboxylation of glutamate residues in (hepatic) blood coagulation factors and (osteoblastic) bone proteins. Although undercarboxylation of blood coagulation factors is very rare, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (bone Gla-protein) is frequently found in subject with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, a systemic disease characterized by a low bone mass, is a major public health problem. It is a devastating disorder with significant physical, psychosocial, and financial problems because of the high incidence of fragility fractures, especially hip and vertebral fracture. The high incidence of osteoporotic fractures leads to considerable mortality, morbidity, reduced mobility and decreased quality of life. Hence one of the most important approaches to therapy is prevention. Supplementation of osteoporotic subjects with extra vitamin K causes the markers for bone formation to increase. In parallel, a decrease of the markers for bone resorption is frequently seen, Because of vitamin K can be decreased the risk of developing osteoporosis and its complications can be minimized. In this review summarizes with a theoretical knowledge about vitamin K and osteoporosis plus current reports regarding a possible role of vitamin K insufficiency in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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K vitamini ve osteoporoz

Öz

K vitamini kan koagülasyon faktörleri (hepatik) ve kemik proteinlerindeki (osteoblastik) glutamat artıklarının karboksilasyonu yoluyla, kan koagülasyonu ve kemik metabolizmasında yer alır. Kan koagülasyon faktörlerinin karboksillenmemiş formu çok az görülse de, karboksillenmemiş ostekalsin (kemik Gla-proteini) osteoporozlu olgularda sıklıkla görülmektedir. Osteoporoz düşük kemik kütlesi ile karekterize olan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Özellikle kalça ve omurgada yüksek oranda frajil kırıklara sebep olduğundan, önemli fiziksel, psikososyal ve ekonomik problemlere yol açan zor bir hastalıktır. Osteoporotik kırıkların bu yüksek oranı önemli ölçüde mortalite, morbidite, hareket kısıtlaması ve hayat kalitesinin düşmesine yol açar. Bundan dolayı tedaviye en önemli yaklaşım hastalıktan korunmadır. K vitamini destek tedavisi verilen osteoporozlu kişilerde, sıklıkla kemik yapım belirteçlerinde artış, bunun paralelinde kemik yıkım belirteçlerinde azalma görülmüştür. Bu sebepten K vitamini osteoporoz ge lişme riskini azaltabileceği ve komplikasyonlarını minumuma indirebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, K vitamini ve osteoporoz hakkında teorik bilgi ile birlikte osteoporozun patogenezinde K vitamini yetersizliğinin olası rolü hakkında son veriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• K vitamini, osteoporoz, osteokalsin, kırık riski

Kaynakça

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