Bazı Yabani İğde Çeşitlerinin Orta Karadeniz Geçit Kuşağı Ekolojisine Uyumu

Öz

Bu araştırma Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Müdürlüğü arazisinde Habego, Hergo, Leikora, Siberian Pearl, Polmiks çeşitleri ile kurulu bulunan yabani iğde parselinde 2020-2021 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada çeşitlerin fenolojk, morfolojik, pomolojik ve bazı fitokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiş va aşağıdaki sonuçlar elde edilmiştir: Tomurcukların patlaması 15-30 Mart, ilk çiçeklenme 8-19 Nisan, tam çiçeklenme 26 Nisan-5 Mayıs, çiçeklenme sonu 10-15 Mayıs, ilk hasat 24 Haziran-20 Temmuz, son hasat 24 Temmuz-20 Ağustos ve yaprak dökümü 20-29 Kasım tarihleri arasında belirlenmiştir. Çeşitlerin ortalama taç genişliği 174–266 cm, taç yüksekliği 178–290 cm, gövde sayısı 1-2 adet, gövde kalınlığı 60.14–92.13 mm, sürgün sayısı 437–1020 adet, sürgün çapı 3.64–4.20 mm, sürgün uzunluğu 44.90–66.22 cm, yaprak boyu 44.28–69.28 mm, yaprak eni 5.23–6.36 mm ve diken uzunluğu 26.47–58.54 mm değerleri arasında belirlenmiştir. İki yılın ortalamalarına göre çeşitlerin meyve (üzümcük) ağırlığı 0.51–0.19 g, meyve eni 5.72–8.04 mm, meyve boyu 8.41–12.01 mm, şekil indeksi (boy/en) 1.44–1.76 mm değerler aralığında bulunmuştur. Suda çözülebilir kuru madde oranı %8.50-9.50, pH değeri 2.77–2.86 ve titre edilebilir asit oranı %2.48-4.33 değerleri arasında saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, ‘Siberian Pearl’ yabani iğde çeşidi incelenen özellikler bakımından ön plana çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Habego
• Hergo
• Leikora
• Siberian Pearl
• Polmiks

Adaptation of Some Sea Buckthorn Varieties to The Middle Black Sea Transitional Ecology

Öz

This study was conducted on Habego, Hergo, Leikora, Siberian Pearl, Polmiks sea buckthorns varieties located in Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Agricultural Application and Research Area during 2020-2021 years. Some phenological, morphological, pomological and phytochemical characters of the varieties were determined in the research as follow: Bud burst, first flowering, full blooming, end of flowering, first and last harvests, and defoliation of the varieties were observed between March 15-30, April 8-19, April 26-May 5, May 10-15, June 24-July 20 and July 24-August 20, and November 20-29, respectively. Average crown width and hight, stem and shoot diameters were measured between 174–266 and 178–290 cm, 60.14–92.13 mm and 3.64–4.20 mm, respectively. Number of stem and shoots were counted between 1-2, 437–1020 pieces respectively. Shoot and leaf lengths, leaf widths and thorn lengths were recorded between 44.90–66.22 cm, 44.28–69.28 mm, 5.23–6.36 mm and 26.47–58.54 mm, respectively. The berry weight, berry length and width, and shape index of the varieties were measured between 0.19–0.51 g, 5.72–8.04 mm, 8.41–12.01 mm and 1.44–1.76 mm, respectively, based on the average of two years. The soluble solid matter and titratable acid ratios, and pH values were determined between 8.50-9.50%, 2.48-4.33% and 2.77-2.86, respectively. As a result; 'Siberian Pearl' was found remarkable based on the examined characteristics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Habego
• Hergo
• Leikora
• Siberian Pearl
• Polmix

Kaynakça

1. Anonim, 2008. www.tropikmeyveci.com (13.08.2009).
2. Anonim, 2009. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV).
3. Baytop, A., 1991. Farmasotik Botanik, İst. Univ. Ecz. Fakultesi yay. İstanbul.
4. Ercişli, S., Orhan, E., Özdemir, Ö., & Şengül, M. 2007. The genotypic effects on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries grown in Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 115 (1) 27-33.
5. Guliyeva, V.B., Gül, M. & Yıldırım, A., 2004. Hippophae rhamnoides L.: Chromatographic methods to determine chemical composition, use in traditional medicine and pharmacological effects. J. Chromatogr. B 812, 291–307.
6. İlhan, G., Gündogdu, M., Karlovic, K., Zidovec, V., Vokurka, A., & Ercişli, S. 2021. Main agro-morphological and biochemical berry characteristics of wild-grown sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. caucasica Rousi) genotypes in Turkey. Sustainability, 13(3): 1198.
7. Johansson, A.K., Korte, H., Yang, B.R., Stanley, J.C. & Kallio, H.P. 2000. Sea buckthorn berry oil inhibits platelet aggregation. Journal Of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11, 491-495.
8. Kallio, H., Yang, B., & Peippo, P. 2002. Effects of different origins and harvesting time on vitamin C, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) Berries. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 21, 6136–6142. Kawecki, Z., Szalkiewicz, M., & Bieniek, A. 2004. The common sea buckthorn-a valuable fruit. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res, 12, 183-193.

9. Kumar, R., Kumar, G.P., Chaurasia, O.P. & Singh, S.B. 2011. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Sea buckthorn oil: A review. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5, 491-499.
10. Li, T. S. C. (2002). Product development of sea buckthorn. In Janick J, Whipkey A. Trends in new crops and new uses. Alexandria, VA: ASHS Press. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ newcrop/ncnu02/v5-393.html.
11. Lu, R., 1992. Seabuckthorn: A multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains. ICIMOD Publication Unit, Katmandu, Nepal.
12. Murathan, Z. T. 2017. Farklı rakımlarda yetişen Hippohae rhamnoides L. meyvelerinin antioksidan kapasiteleri ve bazı biyoaktif özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10 (2), 266-277.
13. Musayev, M. K. 2013. Agro-ecological characteristics of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in Azerbaijan. J. Crop Weed, 9, 114-120.
14. Rousi, A. 1971. The genus Hippophae L. A taxonomic study. Annales Botanici Fennici,8, 177-227.
15. Sabir, S.M., Maqsood, H., Ahmed, S.D., Shah, A.H. & Khan, M.Q., 2005. Chemical and nutritional constituents of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) berries from Pakistan. Ital. J. Food Sci. 17, 455–462.
16. Sezen, I., Ercişli, S., Çakır, O., Koç, A., Temim, E., & Hadziabulic, A. 2015. Biodiversity and landscape use of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in the Coruh valley of Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 57(1), 23-28. Shu, S.J., 2007. Flora of China. 13: 270–273.
17. Suryakumar, G. and Gupta, A. 2011. Medicinal and therapeutic potential of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 138 (2011) 268– 278
18. Vilas-Franquesa, A. Saldo J. & Juan, B. 2020. Potential of sea buckthorn-based ingredients for the food and feed industry – a review. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2-17.
19. Yang, B., Kalimo, K.O., Tahvonen, R.L., Mattila, L.M., Katajisto, J.K. & Kallio, H.P. 2000. Effect of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seed and pulpoils on the fatty acid composition of skin glycero phospholipids of patientswith a topicdermatitis. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11, 338-340.
20. Wang Z, Zhao F, Wei P, Chai X, Hou G & Meng Q., 2022 Phytochemistry, health benefits, and food applications of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): A comprehensive review. Front. Nutr. 9:1036295.
21. Zeb, A. 2004. Important therapeutic uses of sea buckthorn (Hippophae): A review. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4, 5, 687-693.