Hayvanların Beslenmesinde Probiyotik ve Prebiyotiklerin Önemi ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Son yıllarda; probiyotikler ve prebiyotiklerin sağlık üzerine faydaları hakkındaki araştırmalarda önemli bir artış olmuştur. Sindirim sistemindeki mikroflora insan ve hayvan sağlığı açısından çok önemli bir yere olup, günümüzde bu mikroflorayı patojenlere karşı korumak için prebiyotik ve probiyotik gibi katkı maddeleri kullanılmaktadır. Probiyotik; konakçı canlıda yararlı etkisi olan, bağırsak mikrobiyal dengesini geliştiren canlı mikroorganizmalar olarak ifade edilmektedir. Yapılan birçok çalışma probiyotiklerin bağışıklık sistemini uyarabildiğini, serum kolesterolünü azaltabildiğini, laktoz intoleransını azaltabildiğini, diyare vakalarını azaltabildiğini, enfeksiyonları kontrol ettiğini, antibiyotik görevi gördüğünü, tümörleri baskıladığını ve kolon/mesane kanserine karşı koruma sağladığını göstermiştir. Probiyotikler bu etkileri ile insan beslenmesinin yanı sıra bağırsaktaki bakteri dengesini iyileştirmek için fonksiyonel katkı maddeleri olarak yemlere eklenmektedir. Prebiyotik; insan ve hayvan sağlığına yararlı yönde etki eden, bağırsakta fermente olan ve kolon bakterilerinin gelişimini sağlayan, sindirilemeyen karbonhidratlar olarak ifade edilmektedir. Prebiyotikler; bitkilerden ekstraksiyon, mikrobiyolojik veya enzimatik sentez, polisakkaritlerin enzimatik hidrolizi gibi üç farklı şekilde üretilebilmektedir. Bu derleme makalede; probiyotiklerin ve prebiyotiklerin tanımı, etki mekanizmaları, özellikleri, insan ve hayvan sağlığı için önemi ile ilgili konular ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Probiyotik
• Prebiyotik
• Sağlık
• Fonksiyonel Gıda
• Fonksiyonel Yem Katkısı

Importance of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Nutrition and Their Effects on Health

Öz

There is a significant increase in research about the health benefits of probiotics and prebiotics, in recent years. The microflora of digestive system is very important both for human and animal health, and today, the food additives such as prebiotics and probiotics are used to protect this microflora against to pathogens. Probiotics are living microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the host organism and improve the intestinal microbial balance. Many studies have shown that probiotics can stimulate the immune system, reduce serum cholesterol, reduce lactose intolerance, reduce cases of diarrhea, control infections, act as antibiotics, suppress tumors, and protect against colon / bladder cancer. Because of these effects, probiotics are added to human nutrition as well as animal feeds as functional additives to improve the bacterial balance in the intestine. Prebiotics are indigestible carbohydrates that have a beneficial effect on human and animal health, ferment in the intestine and provide the growth of colon bacteria. Prebiotics can be produced in three different ways such as extraction from plants, microbiological way or enzymatic synthesis, enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides. In this review article; definition of probiotics and prebiotics, their mechanism of action, their properties, their importance for human and animal health were all discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Probiotic
• Prebiotic
• Health
• Functional Food
• Functional Feed Additive

Kaynakça

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