Sucul Organizmalarda Kurşunun (Pb) Biyobirikimi ve Toksisitesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 82 - 96, 31.12.2019

Figen Esin Kayhan

Öz

ÖZET:
Endüstriyel
gelişim sırasında yan ürün olarak ortaya çıkan ağır metaller doğal sularda
önemli bir çevresel kirletici grubudur. Ağır metaller sucul ekosistemdeki
organizmaları doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak tehdit ederler ve bazen toplu
ölümlerine neden olurlar.  Ayrıca sucul
organizmalarda uzun yıllar birikirler ve besin zincirinde üst trofik seviyelere
taşınırlar. Ağır metaller organizmaya girdikleri zaman, o organizmanın üreme ve
büyüme fonksiyonlarına zarar verirler. Bu çalışmada, kurşunun sucul
organizmalar üzerinde meydana getirdiği toksik etkiler irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağır metaller, Kurşun, Biyobirikim, Sucul organizmalar, Oksidatif stres

Kaynakça

• Akay, C., 2004. Biyomarkörlerin toksikolojide kullanımı. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi. 46(1):73-83.
• Aktay, G., ve Söylemezoğlu, T., 2001. Metallotiyoneinlerin toksikolojik önemi. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 26:197-203.
• Aslan, E, Görgün, A.U., Katalay, S., Filizok, I., Becerik, S., and Aydemir, T., 2018. An investigation of the seasonal variations of the biomarkers of oxidative stress and their correlations to Polonium-210 in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and common sole (Solea solea) from Izmir Bay, Turkey. Journals of Environmental Biology. 189:103-108. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.03.018
• Ay, Ö., Korkmaz C. ve Ak, M.H., 2014. Tatlısu Midyesi Unio terminalis’ te Bakırın 96 Saatlik LC50 Değeri İle Birikim Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 10:2, 29-34. http://edergi.sdu.edu.tr/index.php/esufd/
• Bat, L., and Oztekin, H.C., 2016. Heavy metals in Mytilus galloprovincialis, Rapana venosa and Eriphia verrucosa from the Black Sea coasts of Turkey as bioindicators of pollution. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology. 13: 715–728.
• Bhattacharjee, S., 2014. Membrane lipid peroxidation and its conflict of interest: the two faces of oxidative stress. Current Science. 107(11):1811-1823.
• Birnie-Gauvin, K., Costantini, D., Cooke, S.J., Willmore, W.G., 2017. A comperative and evalutionary approach to oxidative stress in fish: A review. Wiley Fish and Fisheries. 10:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12215
• Bosch, A.C., O'Neill, B., Sigge, G.O., Kerwath, S.E., and Hoffman, L.C., 2016. Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 96:32-48. DOI:10.1002/jsfa.7360
• Clark, B.M., Laird, M., Hutchings, K., Liebau, V., Biccard, A., Turpie, J. and Parker-Mallick, N., 2014. The state of Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 2013/2014. Technical Report. Report no. 1581/1 Prepared by Anchor Environmental Consultants for the Saldanha Bay Water Quality Trust.
• Çolakoğlu, F. A, Ormancı, H. B., Kunili, İ. E., and Çolakoğlu, S., 2010. Chemical and Microbiological Quality of the Chamelea gallina from the Southern Coast of the Marmara Sea in Turkey. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi-A. 16: 153-158.
• Demir, N., ve Akkuş, G., 2018. Çanakkale Boğazı (Kepez) Midye (Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819) örneklerinde ağır metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn) ve temel antioksidan enzim düzeylerinin mevsimsel değişimi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 5(4):659-666.
• E.P.A (Environmental Protection Agency), 2004. Update: National listing of fish and wildlife consumption advisories. Cincinnati, Ohio, US Environmental Protection Agency, available at vysiwyg//104/http://www.epa.gov/ost/fish/advisories/general.html
• Erişir, M., Benzer, F., Özkaya, A., ve Dağ, Ü., 2018. Kurşun uygulanan ratların bazı dokularında (kalp, akciğer, beyin, dalak, kas) oksidatif stres üzerine naringeninin etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 13(1):34-41. DOI:10.17094/ataunivbd.417125
• European Commission (EC), 2006. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Communitites L364, 5–24. https://doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.06-012.
• Fazio, F., Marafioti, S., Torre, A., Sanfilippo, M., Panzera, M., and Faggio, C., 2013. Haematological and serum protein profiles of Mugil cephalus, effect of two different habitat. Ichthyological Research. 60:36–42. DOI 10.1007/s10228-012-0303-1
• Firth, D.C., Salie, K., O’Neill, B., and Hoffman, L.C., 2019. Monitoring of trace metal accumulation in two South African farmed mussel species, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Choromytilus meridionalis. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 14:529-534.
• Galimberti, C., Corti, I, Cressoni, M., Moretti, V.M., Menotta, S., Galli, U., and Cambiaghi, D., 2016. Evaluation of mercury, cadmium and lead levels in fish and fishery products imported by air in North Italy from extra-European Union Countries. Food Control. 60:329-337.
• Gonzalez-Fernandez, C., Albensota, M., Campillo, J.A., Vinas, L., Fumega, J., Franco, A., Besada, V., Gonzalez-Quijano, A., and Bellas, J., 2015. Influence of mussel biological variability on pollution biomarkers. Environmental Researchs. 137:14–31. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.015
• Gökkuş, K. 2015. İnebolu ve Bartın Limanlarındaki Ağır Metal Kirliliği Boyutlarının Belirlenmesi. Doktora tezi. Çanakkale 18 Mart Ünv. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Temel Bilimler Ana Bilim Dalı. Sayfa: 127, Çanakkale-Türkiye (in Turkish).
• Griboff, J., Wunderlin, D.A., and Monferran, M.V., 2017. Metals, As and Se determination by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in edible fish collected from three eutrophic reservoirs. Their consumption represents a risk for human health? Microchemical Journal. 130:236-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/m,j.microc.2016.09.013
• Jan, A.T., Azam, M., Siddiqui, K., Ali, A., Choi, I., and Haq, Q.M.R., 2015. Heavy metals and human health: Mechanistic insight into toxicity and counter defense system of antioxidants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 16: 29592–29630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226183
• Jitar, O., Teodosiu, C., Oros, A., Plavan, G., and Nicoara, M., 2015. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms from the Romanian sector of the Black Sea. New Biotechnology. 32:369–378. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.11.004
• Karabulut, H., ve Gülay, M.Ş., 2016. Antioksidanlar. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 1(1):65-76.
• Kayhan, F.E., Muşlu, M.N., ve Yön, N.D., 2009. Bazı ağır metallerin sucul organizmalar üzerinde yarattığı stres ve biyolojik yanıtlar. Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 3(2):153-162. DOI: 10.3153/jfscom.2009019
• McEneff, G., Quinn, B., Bennion, M., Dolan, S., O'Rourke, K., and Morrison, L., 2017. Bioaccumulation of metals in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) via dietary exposure to blue mussels. Chemosphere. 188:548-556. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.141
• Mok, J.S., Kwon, J.Y., Son, K.T., Choi, W.S., Kim, P.H., Lee, T.S., and Kim, J.H., 2015. Distribution of heavy metals in internal organs and tissues of Korean molluscan shellfish and potential risk to human health. Journal of Environmental Biology. 36:1161–1167. PMID: 26521561
• Morcillo, P., Esteban, M.A., and Cuesta, A., 2018. Metal detoxification in the marine teleost fish Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 133:385-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.043
• Mülayim, A., and Balkıs, H., 2015. Toxic metal (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg) levels in Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846), Eriphia verrucosa (Forskal, 1775), and sediment samples from the Black Sea littoral (Thrace, Turkey). Marine Pollution Bulletin. 95:215–222. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.016
• Orren, M.J., Eagle, G.A., Hennig, H.F.K.O., and Green, A., 1980. Variations in the trace metals content of the mussel Choromytilus meridionalis (Kr.) with season and sex. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 11:253-257.
• Özbolat, G., ve Tuli, A., 2016. Ağır metal toksisitesinin insan sağlığına etkileri. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. Archives Medical Review Journal. 25(4):502-521. doi:10.17827/aktd.253562
• Özden, S and Tunçer, S., 2015. Heavy metal concentrations in Mytilus galloprovincialis from Çanakkale Strait, NW Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 24(9):2725-30.
• Özkan-Yılmaz, F., Su, Z., Özlüer-Hunt, A., Yıldırım, M., ve Yalın, S., 2018. Nil Tilapyası, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) karaciğer dokusunda kurşunun neden olduğu oksidatif strese karşı humik maddelerin koruyucu etkisi. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 6(8):1015-1021. DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v6i8.1015-1021.1914
• Plessl, C., Gilbert, G.M., Sigmund, M.F., Theiner, S., Avenant-Oldewage, A., Keppler, B.K., and Jirsa, F., 2019. Mercury, silver, selenium and other trace elements in three cyprinid fish species from the Vaal Dam, South Africa, including implications for fish consumers. Science of the Total Environment. 659:1158–1167. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.442
• Renieri, E.A., Safenkova, I.V., Alegakis, A.K., Slutskaya, E.S., Kokaraki, V., Kentouri, M., Dzantiev, B.B., and Tsatsakis, A.M., 2019. Cadmium, lead and mercury in muscle tissue of gilthead seabream and seabass: Risk evaluation for consumers. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 124:439–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.020
• Rodney, P., Ubrihien, A.B, Anne, M., Taylor, A., William, A., and Maher, A., Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and cellular damage in the intertidal gastropod Bembicium nanum exposed to a metal contamination gradient. Marine and Freshwater Research. 68(5):922-930 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF16026
• Sanches Filho, P.J., Caldas, J.S., Nunes da Rosa, N., Peres Pereira,F.O., 2017. Toxicity test and Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn bioccumulation in Phalloceros caudimaculatus. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 4:200-211. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.06.001
• Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı, Su Ürünleri Yönetmeliği. 2003. http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=7.5.4988&sourceXmlSearch=&MevzuatIliski=0.
• Taylan, Z.S., Böke Özkoç H., 2007. Potansiyel ağır metal kirliliğinin belirlenmesinde akuatik organizmaların kullanılabilirliği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 9(2):17-33.
• Türk Çulha, S., Koçbaş, F., Gündoğdu, A., Baki, B., Çulha, M. and Topçuoğlu, S., 2011. The Seasonal distribution of heavy metals in mussel sample from Yalova in the Marmara Sea, 2008-2009. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 183(1-4):525-9 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1937-6
• Varol, M., and Sünbül, M.R., 2017. Organochlorine pesticide, antibiotic and heavy metal residues in mussel, crayfish and fish species from a reservoir on the Euphrates River, Turkey. Environmental Pollution. 230:311-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.066
• Wook, L.J., Choi H, Hwang U-Ki, Kang J-Chan, Kang Y.J., Kim K.I., and Kim J-Hwan., 2019. Toxic effects of lead exposure on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and immune responses in fish: A review. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.010
• Yabanlı, M., Tay, S., and Giannetto, D., 2016. Human health risk assessment from arsenic exposure after sea bream (Sparus aurata) consumption in Aegean region, Turkey. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 19:127–136. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.905
• Yorulmaz, S., ve Ay, R., 2010. Akar ve böceklerde pestisitlerin detoksifikasyonunda rol oynayan enzimler. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 24(2):137-148.
• Zhelyazkov, G., Yankovska-Stefanova, T., Mineva, E., Stratev, D., Vashin, I., Dospatliev, L., Valkova, E., and Popova, T., 2018. Risk assessment of some heavy metals in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and veined rapa whelks (Rapana venosa) for human health. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 128, 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.024