Biyomedikal Alanda Elmas Karbon (DLC) Kaplamaların Korozyon Direnci
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 57 - 72, 17.11.2023
Şengül Danışman
,
Tuba Demirel
Öz
Biyomalzemeler insan vücudunda önemli görevler üstlenmektedir. Ancak vücut içinde maruz kaldıkları ortam şartları sebebiyle korozyona uğrama eğilimleri vardır. Bu nedenle vücutta kullanılan implantların uzun ömürlü olmaları için biyomalzemelerin korozyon direncinin iyileştirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Yüzey kaplama uygulamaları bu alanda önemli çözüm sunmaktadır. Günümüzde biyomedikal alanda elmas karbon kaplamalar (DLC) önem kazanmaktadır. Bu kaplamanın özelliğine bakıldığında ise korozyon direncinin yüksek olduğu ve yüzeye iyi yapışma kabiliyetine sahip olmaktadır. Biyomalzemelerde kullanılan DLC kaplamaların canlı dokularla biyouyumludur. Bu derlemede, PVD (Fiziksel Buhar Biriktirme) tekniği kullanılarak kaplanan DLC kaplamaların korozyona karşı davranışları incelenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Azzi, M., et al., 2010. Corrosion Performance and Mechanical Stability of 316L/DLC Coating System: Role of Interlayers. Surface and Coatings Technology, 204(24), 3986-3994.
- Azhar Mohammada, K., Zainudina, E.S., Salita, M.S., Zaharia, N.I., Ali, A., 2013. Experimental Determination of the Fatigue Behavior of Austenitic 316L Stainless Steel Under Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Tests at High Temperature. International Journal of Metal and Steel Research Technology, 1(1), 1-11.
- Bociaga, D., et al., 2017. Diamond Like Carbon Coatings Doped by Si Fabricated by a Multi-Target DC-RF Magnetron Sputtering Method - Mechanical Properties, Chemical Analysis and Biological Evaluation. Vacuum. 143(1), 395-406.
- Browne, M., Gregson, P.J., 2000. Effect of Mechanical Surface Pretreatment on Metal Ion Release. Biomaterials, 21(4), 385-92.
- Choi, J., Nakao, S., Kim, J., Ikeyama, M., Kato, T., 2007. Corrosion Protection of DLC Coatings on Magnesium Alloy, Diamond & Related Materials 16 (4); 1361–1364.
- Cui, W., Qin, G., Duan, J., Wang, H., 2017. A Graded Nano-TiN Coating on Biomedical Ti Alloy: Low Friction Coefficient, Good Bonding and Bio-compatibility. Materials Science and Engineering, 71(1), 520-528.
- Dalibón, E.L., Escalada, L., et al., 2017. Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of Thick and Soft DLC coatings. Surface & Coatings Technology, 312(1), 101–109.
- Danışman, Ş., Teber, M., 2016. The Effect of TiAlN Coatings on Corrosion Behaviour of Ti6Al4V Alloy in Used Biomedical Applications, International Materials Science and Technology Conference Cappadocia (IMSTEC'16), Nevşehir, 678-683.
- Danışman, Ş., Savaş, S., Işık, G., Bendeş, O., Özbekler, A., 2008. Wear Resistant Hard Ceramic Coatings Used in Biomedical Applications, IV. National Biomechanics Congress, Erzurum, 1-10.
- Danışman, H., Çelebi, F., Danışman, Ş., Bıçakçı, A.A., 2022. Effects of Diamond-like Carbon Coating on Frictional and Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Brackets: An in Vitro Study. Apos Trends in Orthodontics, 12(1), 13-19.
- De Las Heras, E., Ybarra, G., Braceras, I., Corengia, P., 2009. Surface Modification by Plasma-Based Processes, Functıonal Properties of Bio-Inspired Surfaces book, Chapter: Plasma-Based Processes for Surface Modification, Publisher: World Scientific, Singapore, Editors: World Scientific, 344-378.
- Falcao, E.H.L, Wudl, F., 2007. Carbon Allotropes: Beyond Graphite and Diamond. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 82(6), 524 – 531.
- Gilewicz, A., Chmielewska, P., Murzynski, D., Dobruchowska, E., Warcholinski, B., 2016. Corrosion Resistance of CrN and CrCN/CrN Coatings Deposited Using Cathodic Arc Evaporation in Ringer's and Hank's Solutions. Surface and Coatings Technology, 299(1), 7-14.
- Hammood, A.S., Mahdi, M.A.S, Thair, L., Haddad, H., 2019. Evaluating the Effect of Hydroxyapatite-chitosan Coating on the Corrosion Behavior of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel for Biomedical Applications. Materials Research Express, 6(8), 1-14.
- Hang, R., Ma, S., Chu, P.K., 2010. Corrosion Behavior of DLC-Coated NiTi Alloy in the Presence of Serum Proteins. Diamond & Related Materials,19(10), 1230–1234.
- Karabağlar, D., 2015. Comparative Evaluation of Decreasing Effect of Superlubricious Diamond-like Carbon Nanoparticles Coated Orthodontic Wire, Conventional and Self-ligating Brackets on Friction on Orthodontic Tooth Movement, Marmara Universty, Institute of Health Sciences, Doctoral (phD) Thesis, Istanbul, pp 149.
- Kaya, Ç., Asan, A., 5-8 Eylül 2006. 42CrMo4 Coating of Steel with Polypyrrole and Investigation of Corrosion Behavior of This Coating, Seventh National Chemical Engineering Congress, Anadolu University, pp 1-6, Eskişehir.
- Kim, H.G., Ahn, S.H., Kim, J.G., Park S.J., Lee, K.R., 2005. Electrochemical Behavior of Diamond-Like Carbon Films for Biomedical Applications. Thin Solid Films, 475 (1-2), 291-297.
- Khan, S.A, Shahid, S., Hanif, S., Almoallim, H.S., Alharbi, S.A., Sellami, H., 2021. Green Synthesis of Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles for Antibacterial, Antioxidant Anticancer, and Biocompatibility Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(2), 3-17.
- Kosarieh, S., Morina, A., Flemming, J., Laine, E., Neville, A., 2016. Wear Mechanisms of Hydrogenated DLC in Oils Containing MoDTC. Tribology Letters, 64 (4), 2-17.
- Köse, C., Kaçar, R., 2016. In Vitro Bioactivity and Corrosion Properties of Laser Beam Welded Medical Grade AISI 316L Stainless Steel in Simulated Body Fluid. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 11(4), 2762-2777.
- Köse, C., Kaçar, R., Zorba, A.P., Bağırova, M., Allahverdiyev, A.M., 2016. The Effect of CO2 Laser Beam Welded AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel on the Viability of Fibroblast Cells, in Vitro. Materials Science and Engineering C, 60(1), 211-218.
- Köse, C., Kaçar, R., Zorba, A.P., Bağırova, M., Abamor, E.Ş., Allahverdiyev, A.M., 2018. Interactions Between Fibroblast Cells and Laser Beam Welded AISI 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel. Materials Science 24(2), 159-165.
- Köse, C., 2016. An Investigation of the Surface Characterization of Laser Surface Remelted and Laser Beam Welded AISI 316L Stainless Steel. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 11(5), 3542-3554.
- Köse, C., 2018. Investigation on Microstructure, Surface and Corrosion Characteristics of Heat Treated AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel Laser Welds in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 13(12), 12208-12225.
- Kurt, M.M., 2006. 304L DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) Coating on Stainless Steel: Investigation of Its Mechanical – Tribological Properties, Atatürk University Institute of Science, Master Thesis, Erzurum, pp 65.
Lillard, R.S., Butt, D.P., et al., 1997. The Breakdown Mechanism of Diamond-Like Carbon Coated Nickel in Chloride Solution. Corrosion Science, 39(9), 1605-1624.
- Masami, I., Setsuo, N., Et al., 2009. Improvement of Corrosion Protection Property of Mg-Alloy by DLC and Si DLC Coatings with PBII Technique and Multi-target DC–RF Magnetron sputtering. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 267(8-9), 1675–1679.
- Matusiewicz, H., Richter, M., 2022. Metal Ions Release from Metallic Orthopedic Implants Exposed to Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Corrosion Conditions in Simulated Body Fluids: Clinical Context and in Vitro Experimental Investigations, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 14 (02), 261–283.
- Michailidis, N., Bouzakis, K.D., 2019, Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, Second Edition, Springer Publishing, 1308–1316.
- Özkömür, A., 2008. Investigation of the Efficacy of Diamond-Like Carbon Coating on Galvanic Corrosion Between Implant Superstructure Parts, Çukurova University Institute of Health Sciences, PhD Thesis, Adana, pp 119.
- Papakonstantinou, P., Zhao, J.F., Lemoine, P., et al., 2002. The Effects of Si Incorporation on The Electrochemical and Nano-Mechanical Properties of DLC Thin Films. Diamond and Related Materials, 11(3-6), 1074-1080.
- Rahaman, M.N., Yao, A., Bal, B.S., Garino, J.P., Ries, M.D., 2007. Ceramics for Prosthetic Hip and Knee Joint Replacement. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 90(7), 1965-1988.
- Sharma, R., Barhai, P.K., Kumari, N., 2008. Corrosion Resistant Behaviour of DLC Films. Thin Solid Films, 516 (16), 5397–5403.
- Stango, S.A.X, Karthick, D., Swaroop, S., Mudali, U.K, Vijayalakshmi, U., 2018. Development of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Laser Textured 316 LSS and Ti–6Al–4V and Its Electrochemical Behavior in SBF Solution for Orthopedic Applications. Ceramics International, 44(3), 3149–3160.
- Türkan, U., Öztürk, O., Eroğlu, A.E., 2006. Metal Ion Release from TiN Coated CoCrMo Orthopedic Implant Material. Surface & Coatings Technology, 200(16-17), 5020-5027.
- Uzumaki, E.T., Lambert, C.S., Santos, Jr., A.R., Carvalho Zavaglia, C.A., 2006. Surface Properties and Cell Behaviour of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings Produced by Plasma Immersion, Thin Solid Films, 515(1): 293-300.
- URL-1. What is a Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) Coating?, (Date of Access: 12.05.2023)
https://www.hefusa.net/pvd_coating/DLC-coatings.html
- URL-2. Carbon, (Date of Access: 06.07.2023)
https://www.chemistrylearner.com/carbon.html
- URL-3. DLC Coating and corrosion, (Date of Access: 14.05.2023)
https://www.cerakote.com/cerakote-vs-other-coatings/pvd
- Wua, Y., Zhou, S., et al., 2018. Comparative Corrosion Resistance Properties Between (Cu,Ce)-DLC and Ti Co-doped (Cu,Ce)/Ti-DLC Films Prepared via Magnetron Sputtering Method. Chemical Physics Letters, 705(1), 50–58.
- Yea, Y., Wanga, Y., et al., 2017. Tribocorrosion Behaviors of Multilayer PVD-DLC Coated 304L Stainless Steel in Seawater. Diamond & Related Materials, 79(1), 70-78.
- Yetim, A. F., Çelik, A., et al., 2011. Corrosion Behaviour of Ti-DLC Deposition on Pre-nitrided 316L Stainless Steel and Ti6Al4V Alloy. Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology, 46(4), 439-444.
- Zaffora, A., Di Franco, F., Santamaria, M., 2021. Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Food and Pharmaceutical Industry. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 29(100760), 1-7.
- Zeng, A., Liu, E., Annergren, I.F., Tan, S.N., Zhang, S., Hing, P., Gao, J., 2002. EIS Capacitance Diagnosis of Nanoporosity Effect on the Corrosion Protection of DLC Films Diamond and Related Materials, 11(2), 160-168.
- Zhang, T.F., et al., 2015. Wear and Corrosion Properties of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) Coating on Stainless Steel. CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V Substrates. Surface & Coatings Technology, 273(1), 12–19.
Corrosion Resistance Of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings In The Biomedical Field
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 57 - 72, 17.11.2023
Şengül Danışman
,
Tuba Demirel
Öz
Biomaterials play an important role in the human body. However, they have a tendency to corrode due to the environmental conditions they are exposed to inside the body. For this reason, there is a need to improve the corrosion resistance of biomaterials for the longevity of implants used in the body. Surface coating applications offer an important solution in this field. Today, diamond carbon coatings (DLC) are gaining importance in the biomedical field. Considering the feature of this coating, it has high corrosion resistance and good adhesion to the surface. DLC coatings used in biomaterials are biocompatible with living tissues. In this review, the corrosion behavior of DLC coatings coated using PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technique was investigated.
Kaynakça
- Azzi, M., et al., 2010. Corrosion Performance and Mechanical Stability of 316L/DLC Coating System: Role of Interlayers. Surface and Coatings Technology, 204(24), 3986-3994.
- Azhar Mohammada, K., Zainudina, E.S., Salita, M.S., Zaharia, N.I., Ali, A., 2013. Experimental Determination of the Fatigue Behavior of Austenitic 316L Stainless Steel Under Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Tests at High Temperature. International Journal of Metal and Steel Research Technology, 1(1), 1-11.
- Bociaga, D., et al., 2017. Diamond Like Carbon Coatings Doped by Si Fabricated by a Multi-Target DC-RF Magnetron Sputtering Method - Mechanical Properties, Chemical Analysis and Biological Evaluation. Vacuum. 143(1), 395-406.
- Browne, M., Gregson, P.J., 2000. Effect of Mechanical Surface Pretreatment on Metal Ion Release. Biomaterials, 21(4), 385-92.
- Choi, J., Nakao, S., Kim, J., Ikeyama, M., Kato, T., 2007. Corrosion Protection of DLC Coatings on Magnesium Alloy, Diamond & Related Materials 16 (4); 1361–1364.
- Cui, W., Qin, G., Duan, J., Wang, H., 2017. A Graded Nano-TiN Coating on Biomedical Ti Alloy: Low Friction Coefficient, Good Bonding and Bio-compatibility. Materials Science and Engineering, 71(1), 520-528.
- Dalibón, E.L., Escalada, L., et al., 2017. Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of Thick and Soft DLC coatings. Surface & Coatings Technology, 312(1), 101–109.
- Danışman, Ş., Teber, M., 2016. The Effect of TiAlN Coatings on Corrosion Behaviour of Ti6Al4V Alloy in Used Biomedical Applications, International Materials Science and Technology Conference Cappadocia (IMSTEC'16), Nevşehir, 678-683.
- Danışman, Ş., Savaş, S., Işık, G., Bendeş, O., Özbekler, A., 2008. Wear Resistant Hard Ceramic Coatings Used in Biomedical Applications, IV. National Biomechanics Congress, Erzurum, 1-10.
- Danışman, H., Çelebi, F., Danışman, Ş., Bıçakçı, A.A., 2022. Effects of Diamond-like Carbon Coating on Frictional and Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Brackets: An in Vitro Study. Apos Trends in Orthodontics, 12(1), 13-19.
- De Las Heras, E., Ybarra, G., Braceras, I., Corengia, P., 2009. Surface Modification by Plasma-Based Processes, Functıonal Properties of Bio-Inspired Surfaces book, Chapter: Plasma-Based Processes for Surface Modification, Publisher: World Scientific, Singapore, Editors: World Scientific, 344-378.
- Falcao, E.H.L, Wudl, F., 2007. Carbon Allotropes: Beyond Graphite and Diamond. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 82(6), 524 – 531.
- Gilewicz, A., Chmielewska, P., Murzynski, D., Dobruchowska, E., Warcholinski, B., 2016. Corrosion Resistance of CrN and CrCN/CrN Coatings Deposited Using Cathodic Arc Evaporation in Ringer's and Hank's Solutions. Surface and Coatings Technology, 299(1), 7-14.
- Hammood, A.S., Mahdi, M.A.S, Thair, L., Haddad, H., 2019. Evaluating the Effect of Hydroxyapatite-chitosan Coating on the Corrosion Behavior of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel for Biomedical Applications. Materials Research Express, 6(8), 1-14.
- Hang, R., Ma, S., Chu, P.K., 2010. Corrosion Behavior of DLC-Coated NiTi Alloy in the Presence of Serum Proteins. Diamond & Related Materials,19(10), 1230–1234.
- Karabağlar, D., 2015. Comparative Evaluation of Decreasing Effect of Superlubricious Diamond-like Carbon Nanoparticles Coated Orthodontic Wire, Conventional and Self-ligating Brackets on Friction on Orthodontic Tooth Movement, Marmara Universty, Institute of Health Sciences, Doctoral (phD) Thesis, Istanbul, pp 149.
- Kaya, Ç., Asan, A., 5-8 Eylül 2006. 42CrMo4 Coating of Steel with Polypyrrole and Investigation of Corrosion Behavior of This Coating, Seventh National Chemical Engineering Congress, Anadolu University, pp 1-6, Eskişehir.
- Kim, H.G., Ahn, S.H., Kim, J.G., Park S.J., Lee, K.R., 2005. Electrochemical Behavior of Diamond-Like Carbon Films for Biomedical Applications. Thin Solid Films, 475 (1-2), 291-297.
- Khan, S.A, Shahid, S., Hanif, S., Almoallim, H.S., Alharbi, S.A., Sellami, H., 2021. Green Synthesis of Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles for Antibacterial, Antioxidant Anticancer, and Biocompatibility Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(2), 3-17.
- Kosarieh, S., Morina, A., Flemming, J., Laine, E., Neville, A., 2016. Wear Mechanisms of Hydrogenated DLC in Oils Containing MoDTC. Tribology Letters, 64 (4), 2-17.
- Köse, C., Kaçar, R., 2016. In Vitro Bioactivity and Corrosion Properties of Laser Beam Welded Medical Grade AISI 316L Stainless Steel in Simulated Body Fluid. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 11(4), 2762-2777.
- Köse, C., Kaçar, R., Zorba, A.P., Bağırova, M., Allahverdiyev, A.M., 2016. The Effect of CO2 Laser Beam Welded AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel on the Viability of Fibroblast Cells, in Vitro. Materials Science and Engineering C, 60(1), 211-218.
- Köse, C., Kaçar, R., Zorba, A.P., Bağırova, M., Abamor, E.Ş., Allahverdiyev, A.M., 2018. Interactions Between Fibroblast Cells and Laser Beam Welded AISI 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel. Materials Science 24(2), 159-165.
- Köse, C., 2016. An Investigation of the Surface Characterization of Laser Surface Remelted and Laser Beam Welded AISI 316L Stainless Steel. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 11(5), 3542-3554.
- Köse, C., 2018. Investigation on Microstructure, Surface and Corrosion Characteristics of Heat Treated AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel Laser Welds in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 13(12), 12208-12225.
- Kurt, M.M., 2006. 304L DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) Coating on Stainless Steel: Investigation of Its Mechanical – Tribological Properties, Atatürk University Institute of Science, Master Thesis, Erzurum, pp 65.
Lillard, R.S., Butt, D.P., et al., 1997. The Breakdown Mechanism of Diamond-Like Carbon Coated Nickel in Chloride Solution. Corrosion Science, 39(9), 1605-1624.
- Masami, I., Setsuo, N., Et al., 2009. Improvement of Corrosion Protection Property of Mg-Alloy by DLC and Si DLC Coatings with PBII Technique and Multi-target DC–RF Magnetron sputtering. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 267(8-9), 1675–1679.
- Matusiewicz, H., Richter, M., 2022. Metal Ions Release from Metallic Orthopedic Implants Exposed to Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Corrosion Conditions in Simulated Body Fluids: Clinical Context and in Vitro Experimental Investigations, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 14 (02), 261–283.
- Michailidis, N., Bouzakis, K.D., 2019, Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering, Second Edition, Springer Publishing, 1308–1316.
- Özkömür, A., 2008. Investigation of the Efficacy of Diamond-Like Carbon Coating on Galvanic Corrosion Between Implant Superstructure Parts, Çukurova University Institute of Health Sciences, PhD Thesis, Adana, pp 119.
- Papakonstantinou, P., Zhao, J.F., Lemoine, P., et al., 2002. The Effects of Si Incorporation on The Electrochemical and Nano-Mechanical Properties of DLC Thin Films. Diamond and Related Materials, 11(3-6), 1074-1080.
- Rahaman, M.N., Yao, A., Bal, B.S., Garino, J.P., Ries, M.D., 2007. Ceramics for Prosthetic Hip and Knee Joint Replacement. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 90(7), 1965-1988.
- Sharma, R., Barhai, P.K., Kumari, N., 2008. Corrosion Resistant Behaviour of DLC Films. Thin Solid Films, 516 (16), 5397–5403.
- Stango, S.A.X, Karthick, D., Swaroop, S., Mudali, U.K, Vijayalakshmi, U., 2018. Development of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Laser Textured 316 LSS and Ti–6Al–4V and Its Electrochemical Behavior in SBF Solution for Orthopedic Applications. Ceramics International, 44(3), 3149–3160.
- Türkan, U., Öztürk, O., Eroğlu, A.E., 2006. Metal Ion Release from TiN Coated CoCrMo Orthopedic Implant Material. Surface & Coatings Technology, 200(16-17), 5020-5027.
- Uzumaki, E.T., Lambert, C.S., Santos, Jr., A.R., Carvalho Zavaglia, C.A., 2006. Surface Properties and Cell Behaviour of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings Produced by Plasma Immersion, Thin Solid Films, 515(1): 293-300.
- URL-1. What is a Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) Coating?, (Date of Access: 12.05.2023)
https://www.hefusa.net/pvd_coating/DLC-coatings.html
- URL-2. Carbon, (Date of Access: 06.07.2023)
https://www.chemistrylearner.com/carbon.html
- URL-3. DLC Coating and corrosion, (Date of Access: 14.05.2023)
https://www.cerakote.com/cerakote-vs-other-coatings/pvd
- Wua, Y., Zhou, S., et al., 2018. Comparative Corrosion Resistance Properties Between (Cu,Ce)-DLC and Ti Co-doped (Cu,Ce)/Ti-DLC Films Prepared via Magnetron Sputtering Method. Chemical Physics Letters, 705(1), 50–58.
- Yea, Y., Wanga, Y., et al., 2017. Tribocorrosion Behaviors of Multilayer PVD-DLC Coated 304L Stainless Steel in Seawater. Diamond & Related Materials, 79(1), 70-78.
- Yetim, A. F., Çelik, A., et al., 2011. Corrosion Behaviour of Ti-DLC Deposition on Pre-nitrided 316L Stainless Steel and Ti6Al4V Alloy. Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology, 46(4), 439-444.
- Zaffora, A., Di Franco, F., Santamaria, M., 2021. Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Food and Pharmaceutical Industry. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 29(100760), 1-7.
- Zeng, A., Liu, E., Annergren, I.F., Tan, S.N., Zhang, S., Hing, P., Gao, J., 2002. EIS Capacitance Diagnosis of Nanoporosity Effect on the Corrosion Protection of DLC Films Diamond and Related Materials, 11(2), 160-168.
- Zhang, T.F., et al., 2015. Wear and Corrosion Properties of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) Coating on Stainless Steel. CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V Substrates. Surface & Coatings Technology, 273(1), 12–19.